北京市心理援助热线青少年来电者自杀意念的危险因素

Risk factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents who called the Beijing psychological support hotline

目的:探索心理援助热线青少年来电者自杀意念的危险因素。方法:2018-2021年北京市心理援助热线的青少年来电者(11~18岁)纳入本研究,收集人口学资料,询问来电者在来电前2周内是否有自杀想法来评估自杀意念,并评估自杀相关的危险因素,如抑郁情绪、希望感、痛苦感等。采用logis-tic回归分析,探索青少年来电者自杀意念的危险因素。结果:本研究共纳入19341例来电。77.9%(15072例)青少年来电者报告该次来电前2周内有自杀意念。女性(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.01~1.24)、年纪轻(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.14~1.49)、有急性生活事件(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.23~1.47)、慢性生活事件(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.19~1.44)、既往自杀未遂史(OR=2.61,95%CI:2.35~2.91)、痛苦感高(OR=1.85,95%CI:1.67~2.04)和抑郁程度高(OR=2.71,95%CI:2.43~3.01)是青少年来电者自杀意念的独立危险因素,而高希望感(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.41~0.50)则是青少年来电者自杀意念的保护因素。结论:在评估心理援助热线青少年来电者的自杀危险程度时,可以结合抑郁情绪、希望感、心理痛苦感、既往自杀未遂史、急性和慢性生活事件等进行综合性评估,并给予针对性干预。

Objective:To explore the risk factors of suicidal ideation in adolescents who call the psychological support hotline.Methods:The adolescents(11-18 years old)who called Beijing psychological support hotline from 2018 to 2021 were enrolled in the study.The demographic data were collected,the suicidal ideation was evalu­ated by asking whether callers wantejd to end their lives in recent two weeks,and potential related factors,as depres­sion,hopefulness,and psychological distress were assessed.Logistic regression was used to explore the potential re­lated factors of suicide ideation of adolescent callers.Results:Among 19341 callers,77.9%(n=15072)of the callers reported suicidal ideation within two weeks before the call.Female gender(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.01-1.24),younger age(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.14-I.49),acute life events(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.23-1.47),chro-nic life events(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.19-1.44),previous suicide attempts(OR=2.61,95%CI:135-2.91),higher level of psychological distress(OR=1.85,95%CI:1.67-2.04)and higher level of depression(OR=2.71,95%CI:2.43-3.01)were independent risk factors for suicide ideation of adolescents of the hotline.While,a higher level of hopefulness was the protective factor of suicide ideation of adolescent callers(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.41-0.50).Conclusion:It is important to pay attention to the evaluation of depression,hopefulness,psychologi­cal distress,previous suicide-attempt history,and life events when estimating the suicide risk in adolescent callers of the psychological support hotline and give targeted intervention.