故宫博物院藏镶嵌绿松石的文物修复技艺的传承与创新

The Palace Museum Holds the Inheritance and Innovation of Cultural Relics Restoration Techniques of Turquoise Inlay technology

绿松石镶嵌工艺历史悠久,拼接繁复。故宫博物院收藏大量镶嵌绿松石的文物需要修复,以“普贤行愿品经盒”修复为例,因胶粘剂老化,嵌件缺失严重,亟待补配修复。修复中遇到补配嵌件量大、嵌件薄小、脆弱易断裂、修复时间长等难题。本文分析了镶嵌用绿松石材质的特征和文物的原工艺步骤,选择湖北竹山地区出产的绿松石进行修复,以原方法原材料进行修复补配时,进度慢效果差,导致修复停滞。首次引进法国数控电脑雕刻机协助,准确捜刻嵌件外形步骤,批量雕刻提高速度。最后使用手工工具进行施纹、抛光、粘接嵌件等步骤,复原了传统工艺雕刻效果,攻克了补配嵌件难关。传统的手工修复与数控电脑雕刻机的结合,完成了补配修复794块嵌件的任务,提高了原材料的使用率、修复效率以及修复质量。

Turquoise inlay has a long history and intricate splicing.The Palace Museum's collection of a large number of turquoise inlaid cultural relics needs to be restored,taking the restoration of the"Puxian Xingxing Wish Scripture Box"as an example,due to the aging of the adhesive,the insert is seriously missing,and it is urgent to repair it.In the process of repair,problems such as large number of supplementary inserts,thin inserts,fragile and easy to break,and long repair time are encountered.This paper analyzes the characteristics of turquoise material for inlay and the original process steps of cultural relics,selects turquoise produced in Zhushan area of Hubei Province for restoration,and uses the original raw materials for repair,the progress is slow and the effect is poor,resulting in the stagnation of restoration.For the first time,the French CNC computer engraving machine was introduced to assist in accurately engraving the shape steps of the insert,and batch engraving increased the speed.Finally,hand tools were used to apply the grain,polish,bond the inserts and other steps,restoring the traditional process carving effect and overcoming the difficulty of supplementing inserts.The combination of traditional manual repair and CNC computer engraving machine has completed the task of replenishing and repairing 794 inserts,improving the utilization rate of raw materials,repair efficiency and repair quality.