超声速飞机起降阶段噪声标准分析

Standard Analysis on Noise in the Take-off and Landing Stage of Supersonic Aircraft

随着超声速飞机的发展,现有亚声速飞机起降阶段噪声规章已经无法满足其适航审定要求。结合美国联邦航空局(FAA)发布的拟议规则制定通告(NPRM)和欧洲航空安全局(EASA)发布的拟议修订通告(NPA)等文件,基于规章制定立场和思路、草案差异、技术细节以及超声速新技术等关键要素,本文对超声速飞机规章的制定进行了综述和总结。结果表明,在标准制定思路一致的前提下,美国基于工业方和技术创新的考虑,在草案中给予了足够的自由度;欧洲方面为了维持现有环境保护水平,超声速标准比起美国更加严格和细致。同时,基于分析结果形成审定要素和方法建议,为今后我国的超声速飞机起降阶段噪声标准制定和适航审定工作开展提供技术支撑。

With the development of supersonic aircraft,the current noise regulations for the landing and take-off phase of subsonic aircraft can no longer meet the requirements of airworthiness certification.Combining with documents such as the Notice of Proposed Rule Making(NPRM)issued by the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA)and the Notice of Proposed Amendments(NPA)issued by the European Aviation Safety Agency(EASA),this review and summary of the development of supersonic aircraft regulations is based on key elements including regulation-making position and ideas,differences in the drafts,technical details and new supersonic technologies.The results show that,while the standards are formulated with the same intention,the United States has given sufficient freedom in the draft from the perspective of manufacturers and technology innovation;The European standard for supersonic is more stringent and detailed than the United States in order to maintain the current level of environmental protection.At the same time,the results of the analysis will formulate certification elements and methods suggestions,which will provide technical support for the future development of noise standards and airworthiness certification for supersonic aircraft landing and take-off phase in China.