农村宅基地改革的问题与成效——基于福建省沙县区、建瓯市试点地区的考察

Problems and effectiveness of residential land reform:A case study on the pilot areas of Shaxian and Jian'ou in Fujian

梳理试点地区宅基地改革工作已有成果、分析推进宅基地改革工作的制约因素,对提高宅基地管理工作效率具有重要意义。本文通过问卷调查和参与式访谈法,汇总福建省沙县区、建瓯市宅基地改革工作成果,并与第一批试点地区晋江市宅基地工作路径进行对比分析,总结两地区特色宅基地改革路径。结果表明:两地区取得实行“房长制”、分块划定宅基地有偿使用标准、探索“宅改贷”等宅基地改革成果。其中,建瓯市通过整治清退闲置宅基地5157宗,面积7.81×104m^(2);完成宅基地退出100宗,面积10182.5 m^(2)。沙县区共腾退宅基地1230宗,面积8.05×104m^(2)。但仍存在“户、宅”界定不明、历史遗留问题无法解决等工作难题。根据两地区调研结果,提出了完善宅基地管理机制、深化宅基地市场要素配置等政策建议,以期为推进宅基地改革工作,提高宅基地管理工作质量提供参考。

In order to improve management efficiency of residential bases,it is important to make a review of the residential base reform work in pilot areas.Through questionnaires and participatory interviews,the study summarizes the results of the residential base reform work in Shaxian and Jianou.It also explores the reform paths by comparing them with Jinjiang.It is found that that residential base reform in these areas have achieved some results such as the implementation of the"house chief system",the establishment of paid use standards for blocked residential bases,and the exploration of"residential conversion loans".Jianou cleared 5,157 idle house bases and completed the withdrawal of 100 house bases.The number of vacated house bases in Shaxian is 1230,totaling 80,500 square meters.However,there are also problems such as unclear definition of"household"and"house",and unresolved issues left over by history.Based on the research of the two areas,this paper makes some policy recommendations to improve the quality of residential base management work.