国际生态碳汇参与碳市场交易发展经验及对中国的启示

What can China learn from the development of ecological carbon sink trading in overseas and domestic carbon market

碳排放交易制度已逐渐成为世界各国应对气候变化的重要措施。近年来,全球范围内碳市场快速发展,生态碳汇参与碳市场交易持续升温。本文系统阐述了国内外碳市场交易体系建设和生态碳汇参与碳市场交易的发展情况,深入剖析了碳市场交易机制、生态碳汇项目开发、交易制度和保障机制,研判了推动生态碳汇参与碳市场交易面临的挑战。在此基础上,本文提出完善碳市场交易制度,丰富交易主体和交易方式;建立健全碳抵消机制,加强全国碳市场MRV体系建设;推进生态碳汇交易顶层设计,完善生态碳汇交易保障机制等建议,为完善我国碳市场交易体系和推动生态碳汇参与碳市场交易提供参考。

An increasing number of countries have taken carbon emission trading system as a main measure to cope with the challenges of climate change.With the rapid development of carbon market around the world,ecological carbon sink trade is gradually becoming a significant part of the market.This paper first summarizes the construction of domestic and overseas carbon market trading system and the development of ecological carbon sink trade,and then makes an in-depth analysis of the project development,trading system and guarantee mechanism of ecological carbon as well as the carbon trading mechanism.It goes on to analyze the main challenges faced by China in the process of promoting ecological carbon sink trade in carbon market.On the basis of the research,it puts forward some suggestions such as improving the carbon market trading system,enriching trading entities and trading methods,establishing carbon neutrality mechanisms,strengthening MRV systems,promoting the top-level design of ecological carbon sink trade,and improving the ecological carbon sink trade guarantee mechanism.