铁路车站到发线优化分配研究

Optimal Distribution of Receiving-departure Tracks of Railway Stations

金华东站作为金华车务段辖内唯一的一等区段站,现阶段车站到发线利用率高达83.3%,过高的作业量将显著影响车站通过能力和接发效率。到发线股道优化分配是提升铁路区段站通过能力和提高列车接发效率的重要途径。利用标准差的方法,构建优化到发线分配的非线性整数规划模型,设计改进遗传算法求解。采用定向变异策略代替传统的概率变异,以解决传统概率变异操作可能造成可行方案被剔除和收敛慢等问题。结合金华东站某一时段的接发列车计划进行股道调整分配,以验证模型和算法的合理性和有效性。求解结果表明,股道占用时间标准差的最优结果值分别为15.40和14.13,优化后的股道占用情况与原始计划相比更均衡;同时,结果也表明采用定向变异策略求解具有收敛速度快的优势。研究成果可为铁路车站股道优化分配问题提供决策支持。

Jinhuadong Railway Station is the only first-class district station under the jurisdiction of Jinhua Train Operation Department.At present,the utilization rate of receiving-departure tracks of the station is as high as 83.3%.Excessive workload will significantly affect the carrying capacity and receiving-departure efficiency of the station.The optimal distribution of receiving-departure tracks is an important way to improve the carrying capacity of railway district stations and improve the receiving-departure efficiency of trains.This paper proposes to establish a non-linear integer programming model for optimizing receiving-departure track distribution by using standard deviation method,and design an improved genetic algorithm for solutions.Directional mutation strategy is adopted instead of traditional probabilistic mutation to solve the problems that traditional probabilistic mutation operation may lead to the elimination of feasible schemes and slow convergence.Track adjustment and distribution are carried out in combination with the train reception and departure plan of Jinhuadong Railway Station in a certain period of time to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the model and algorithm.The results show that the optimal results of standard deviation of track occupation time are 15.40 and 14.13 respectively,indicating that the optimized track occupation is more balanced than the original plan.At the same time,the results also show that the directional mutation strategy has the advantage of fast convergence speed.The research can provide decision-making support for optimal distribution of railway station tracks.