渤海海冰灾害经济损失分析及防灾减灾的思考

An Analysis on the Economic Losses of Sea Ice Disasters and Defense Countermeasures in Bohai Sea

利用历史统计数据,对渤海海域海冰灾害进行了梳理,选取了灾害等级较高且造成严重经济损失的冰年进行了重点分析。讨论了海冰灾害对渤海经济造成的损失情况,分析了对海洋工程、船舶交通运输、渔业捕捞养殖等海洋经济的危害。选取海冰冰情等级较高且造成经济损失严重的2010年作为典型案例进行分析,利用海洋站统计数据,讨论了总冰量和最大浮冰水平尺度等特征,从自然因子和社会因子两个角度分析了渤海海冰的致灾因子;提出了我国在海冰防灾减灾治理中存在的问题,最后从完善灾害应急体系、加大科研和业务投入、加强预警报宣传等角度提出了对策与建议。

Using historical statistical data,this paper combs the sea ice disasters in the Bohai Sea area,and selects the ice year with high disaster level and serious economic losses for key analysis.This paper discusses the losses caused by sea ice disasters to the economy of the Bohai Sea,and analyzes the harm to marine economic industries such as marine engineering,ship transportation,fishing and aquaculture;Taking 2010 as an example,using the statistical data of ocean station,the characteristics of total ice volume and maximum ice floe horizontal scale are discussed,and the disaster causing factors of Bohai Sea ice are analyzed from the perspective of natural factors and disaster bearing factors;The problems existing in the prevention and mitigation of sea ice disasters in China are put forward.Finally,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of improving the disaster emergency system,increasing scientific research and business investment,and strengthening the publicity of early warning reports.