海洋保护地人为活动管理对策研究——以莱州湾为例

Research on the Management Countermeasures of Human Activities in Marine Protected Areas:Taking Laizhou Bay as a Case

海洋保护地在保护海洋生态系统、维护海洋生物多样性等方面具有不可替代的重要作用,为了加强海洋保护地的有效监管,以莱州湾为例,开展海洋保护地人为活动管理对策研究。基于高分辨率影像数据,提取分析了莱州湾内10个国家级海洋保护地的人为活动,结果表明,部分保护地的功能区内分布养殖池塘、产业园区、港池、码头、旅游设施和城镇房屋等人为活动,主要存在问题表现为保护地建设历史遗留问题,不同时期保护地管理要求不同,以及保护地监管体系不完善等。为了强化保护地人为活动监管,建议科学认识保护地内现有的矛盾冲突,通过制定分区管控措施,妥善处理好历史遗留问题;准确把握保护地定位,科学评估人为活动的生态保护影响,开展保护地整合优化;完善保护地监管机制,推动“海陆空”一体化监管方式创新。

Marine protected areas play an irreplaceable role in protecting marine ecosystems and maintaining marine biodiversity.In order to strengthen the effective supervision of marine protected areas,taking Laizhou Bay as a case,this paper studies the management countermeasures of human activities in marine protected areas.Based on the high resolution image data,the human activities of 10 national marine protected areas in Laizhou Bay were extracted and analyzed.The results show that the human activities of aquaculture ponds,industrial parks,harbors,docks,tourism facilities and urban houses are distributed in the functional areas of some protected areas.The main problems are the historical legacy of the construction of protected areas,the different management requirements of protected areas in different periods,and the imperfect supervision system of protected areas.In order to strengthen the supervision of human activities in protected areas,it is suggested that the existing contradictions and conflicts in protected areas should be scientifically understood,and the problems left over by history should be properly handled by formulating zoning control measures;accurately grasping the location of protected areas,scientifically evaluating the ecological protection impact of human activities,and carrying out integrated optimization of protected areas;improve the regulatory mechanism of protected areas,and promote the innovation of'land,sea and air'integrated regulatory mode.