国产高模量碳纤维复合材料耐冷热冲击性能研究

Thermal Shock Resistance of Domestic High Modulus Carbon Fiber Composites

低轨道航天器由于反复进出地球阴影区,会受到频繁的冷热冲击,因此研究冷热冲击对低轨航天器用高模量碳纤维CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料力学性能与质量损失率的影响十分重要。对CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料进行了冷热冲击试验,对不同冷热冲击次数后的CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料进行了力学性能测试和质量损失测试,并采用SEM、FTIR、XPS等分析比较了冷热冲击前后复合材料样品的表面形貌、微观结构和化学组成等。结果表明,经过500次冷热冲击后,CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度分别降低0.90%、2.13%、3.72%、2.70%和6.49%,质量损失率远低于1%,且没有发生新的化学反应,满足航天器的应用需求。

Spacecrafts in low earth orbit are subjected to frequent thermal shocks due to repeated entry and exit of the Earth's shadow area.Therefore,it is very important to study the impact of thermal shock on the mechanical properties and mass loss rate of domestic high modulus carbon fiber/cyanate ester composites used in low orbit spacecrafts.In this paper,the thermal shock tests of CCM40J/cyanate ester composites have carried out,the mechanical properties and mass loss of CCM40J/cyanate ester composites after different thermal shock times have tested,and the effects of thermal shocks on CCM40J/cyanate ester composites have analyzed by SEM,FTIR and XPS.The results show that the tensile strength,tensile modulus,flexural strength,flexural modulus and interlaminar shear strength of CCM40J/cyanate ester composites decrease by 0.90%,2.13%,3.72%and 6.49%respectively after 500 thermal shocks.At the same time,the mass loss ratio of CCM40J/cyanate ester composites is far less than 1%,and no new chemical reaction take place.