外资准入政策与本国企业技术创新

FDI Access Policies and Technological Innovation of Domestic Enterprises

外资准入政策的制定关乎发展中国家的企业创新。本文根据中国外资准入政策的调整,区分了鼓励和取消限制这两类典型的外资准入政策,并分析了它们对中国企业技术创新的影响。研究发现,鼓励类政策显著促进了中国企业在发明专利方面的创新,而取消限制类政策对中国企业的技术创新没有显著影响。机制分析发现,不同外资准入政策的影响差异主要在于它们吸引高质量外资的效果不同。本文也提供了支持鼓励类外资准入政策产生较多知识溢出效应的证据,并从企业所有制和取消鼓励类政策这两个方面对外资准入政策的影响做了进一步讨论。本文的分析表明,由于技术水平相对落后,发展中国家通过制定选择性产业政策吸引高质量外资是其促进本国企业技术创新的有效选择。

The formulation of foreign investment access policy is related to enterprise innovation in developing countries. Based on the adjustment of China’s foreign investment access policies, this article distinguishes two types of foreign investment access policies, which are encouraging policies and removing restrictive policies, and analyzes their impact on technological innovation of Chinese enterprises. The study finds that encouraging policies have significantly promoted the innovation of Chinese enterprises in terms of invention patents, while removing restrictive policies have no significant impact on the technological innovation of Chinese enterprises. Mechanism analysis finds that the difference in the impact of the two types of policies lies in their different effects in attracting high-quality FDI. This paper also supports evidence that the encouraging policies produce more knowledge spillover effects, and further discusses the impact of foreign investment access policies from the aspects of enterprise ownership and the cancellation of encouraging policies. The analysis in this article shows that attracting high-quality FDI through formulating selective industrial policies is a good choice to promote technological innovation of domestic enterprises for developing countries.