民主革命时期中共边疆少数民族政策研究——以伊克昭盟为主要对象

Study on the Policy of the Communist Party of China Toward Frontier Ethnic Minorities in the Period of Democratic Revolution:Taking Ikzhaomeng as the Main Research Target

万里长征以前,中共的民族政策固然有学习苏联的印迹,但至长征结束、抗日战争到来,开始发生变化。其后的革命宣传虽仍不乏支持民族自决等表达,但在实践中却根据实际需要,贯彻其务实的民族政策。民主革命时期与陕甘宁边区毗邻的伊克昭盟政策最能体现此点,彰显出中共边疆少数民族政策的特色。这一特色就是边疆少数民族地区革命之成功,不在于对少数民族推行疾风骤雨的阶级斗争,而在于务实继承历代政权因俗而治、因地制宜的传统,充分利用统一战线、发展经济等措施,最终在挫败国民党的腐败统治过程中获得边疆少数民族的认同。

Before the Long March, the policy of the Communist Party of China(CPC) toward frontier ethnic minorities was marked by learning from the Soviet Union.It changed when the Long March ended and the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression began.Although subsequent revolutionary propaganda still supported the self-determination of ethnic minorities, in practice, it carried out a pragmatic ethnic policy based on the actual needs.Ikzhaomeng in the period of Democratic Revolution, which was adjacent to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, could best reflect this point and demonstrate the characteristics of the Communist Party of China’s policy toward frontier ethnic minority groups.The success of the revolution in the border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities was not due to the flurry of class struggle and the agrarian revolution, but due to pragmatically inheriting the governance tradition of previous regimes based on actual needs, making full use of the national united front, and taking measures to develop the economy, which finally defeated the corrupt rule of the Kuomintang and gained the recognition of frontier ethnic minorities.