爱德华·汤普森阶级史观的多维阐释

A Multidimensional Interpretation of Edward Thompson’s View of Class History

在英国新左派史学界内部,学者们普遍关注爱德华·汤普森阶级经验叙事方式,将阶级研究中的文化与结构因素结合起来,探讨汤普森阶级史观在文化转向和新左派史学转向中的学术价值与政治意义。国际新文化史学界重点分析汤普森阶级话语运作机制、阶级经验方式及其主体性关联表征,强调在大众政治行动中的阶级经验形式与阶级意识差异,揭示政治、地域、性别以及不同社群文化对英国工人阶级形成的影响。马克思主义史学家从批判阶级话语分析学派出发,坚持对汤普森阶级史观进行历史唯物主义重建。在国际史学回归“宏大问题”叙事的当下情境中,全球劳工史学界亦参与到对汤普森阶级史观的阐释之中,学者们从理论与实践两个方面推进了马克思主义阶级史研究,彰显英国马克思主义范式的全球史学意义。

Within the British New Left historiography circle, scholars generally pay attention to the narrative style of Thompson’s class experience theory, combining cultural and structural factors in class studies, and discussing the academic value and political significance of Thompson’s class history view in the perspective of the“cultural turn”and the New Left historiographic turn.The international new cultural history circle focuses on the operating mechanism of Thompson’s class discourse, class experience mode and its representation of subjectivity correlation, emphasizing the form of class experience and the difference of class consciousness in mass political actions, revealing the influence of politics, region, gender and the culture of different communities on the formation of the British working class.Starting from criticizing the school of class discourse analysis, Marxist historians insist on reconstructing Thompson’s view of class history under the view of historical materialism.In the current context of international historiography returning to the“Big Problem”,the global labor historians have also participated in the interpretation of Thompson’s view of class history.Scholars have advanced the study of Marxist class history from both theoretical and specific aspects, highlighting the global significance of the British Marxist historiographical paradigm.