不同地区小麦穗部性状和产量对播期的响应

Response of Ear Traits and Yield to Sowing Date of Wheat in Different Regions

为探寻不同地区济麦44小麦穗部性状和产量对播期的响应以及济麦44“因地制宜、因时制宜”播种方式,为山东乃至黄淮海主产区济麦44稳产高产提供一定理论依据。以济麦44为试验材料,2019—2021年小麦生长季在德州(S1)、莱州(S2)和淄博(S3)3个生态点通过裂区试验设计研究了播期对济麦44产量的影响。结果表明,生态点、播期二者互作对小麦产量的影响达显著水平,2019—2021年不同生态点和播期处理小麦籽粒产量总平均值为7 322.85 kg/hm^(2);S2生态点的济麦44籽粒产量(7 406.60 kg/hm^(2))略高于S1生态点(7 341.82 kg/hm^(2))和S3生态点(7 220.14 kg/hm^(2));S1T2、S2T1和S3T1处理的小麦穗部性状和产量较高,但3个处理间差异不显著。S1(德州)济麦44适宜播期10月10日,S2(莱州)济麦44适宜播期10月5日,S3(淄博)济麦44适宜播期10月5日。因此,时(播期)空(生态点)差异对小麦产量有一定重要作用。

In order to explore the response of spike traits and yield to sowing date of Jimai 44 wheat in different regions,and to explore the suitable sowing method of Jimai 44 to local conditions and timing,so as to provide a theoretical basis for stable and high yield of Jimai 44 in Shandong and even the main producing areas of Huang-Huai-Hai.Taking Jimai 44 as the research material,effects of sowing date on yield of Jimai 44 were studied by split plot experiment design at three ecological points of Dezhou(S1),Laizhou(S2)and Zibo(S3)in wheat growing season from 2019 to 2021.The results showed that the interaction between ecological point and sowing date had significant effect on wheat yield,and the total average grain yield of wheat under different ecological point and sowing date was 7322.85 kg/hm^(2) from 2019 to 2021.The grain yield of Jimai 44 at S2 ecological point(7406.60 kg/hm^(2))was slightly higher than that at S1 ecological point(7341.82 kg/hm^(2))and S3 ecological point(7220.14 kg/hm^(2)).The average spike traits and yield of wheat treated with S1T2,S2T1 and S3T1 were higher,but there was no significant difference among the them.The suitable sowing date of S1(Dezhou)Jimai 44 was October 10,S2(Laizhou)Jimai 44 was October 5,S3(Zibo)Jimai 44 was October 5;it could be seen that the difference in time(sowing date)and space(ecological point)played an important role in wheat yield.