南四湖鸟类物种多样性调查

Investigation on the Species Diversity of Birds in Nansi Lake

采用样线法,根据生境类型以及人为干扰情况等环湖设置样线(点),使用30×60倍单筒望远镜和10×20倍双筒望远镜以及长焦相机对不同生境的鸟类进行观察和记录,并采集照片等资料。2021年6月至2022年1月,在丰水期(2021年6—7月)与枯水期(2021年12月—2022年1月)对南四湖鸟类进行2次野外调查。通过此次调查共监测到鸟类14目34科76种,其中国家二级保护鸟类2种,《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》中近危类物种1种、易危类物种3种。从居留型来看,南四湖鸟类中留鸟种类最多;从区系划分来看,古北界鸟类占绝对优势,但显示出一定的过渡性特征。南四湖鸟类物种多样性G-F指数为0.595 6,Sorenson相似性指数为0.509 8,说明丰水期与枯水期鸟类物种组成不相似。从此次调查结果来看,丰沛的食物、丰富的生境和修复的湿地生态系统吸引了越来越多的鸟类在南四湖区域栖息、觅食及居留。了解该区域鸟类种类组成和物种多样性对于加强南四湖区域的保护管理具有重要意义。

Using line transect method,the transect lines(points)around Nansi Lake were set according to habitat types and human disturbance conditions.The birds in different habitats were observed and recorded with 30×60-fold monoculars,10×20-fold binoculars and long-focus camera,and photos were collected.Twice field surveys were conducted on the birds in Nansi Lake during the wet season(June-July)and the dry season(from December to January in the next year).A total of 76 species of birds belonging to 34 families,14 orders were monitored,including 2 species of the second-class national protected birds,1 near-threatened species and 3 vulnerable species according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.From the perspective of resident type,resident bird species are the most in Nansi Lake.From the perspective of faunal division,palaearctic birds were absolutely dominant,but they showed some transitional characteristics.G-F index of bird species diversity in Nansi Lake was 0.5956,and Sorenson similarity index was 0.5098,indicating that bird species composition was not similar between wet season and dry season.According to the results of this survey,abundant food,abundant habitat and restored wetland ecosystem attracted more and more birds to perch,forage and reside in Nansi Lake area.It was of important significance to know the bird species composition and diversity in this area for strengthening the conservation and management of Nansi Lake.