新疆典型覆膜地区地膜覆盖技术应用及贡献分析

Analysis of the Application and Contribution of Mulching Technology in Typical Mulching Areas of Xinjiang

[目的]为明确新疆地膜覆盖栽培技术的应用及贡献情况。[方法]查询2000—2018年《新疆生产建设兵团统计年鉴》和《中国农村统计年鉴》及1990—2021年的相关文献。[结果]地膜覆盖在新疆农业生产中具有重要贡献,2000—2018年间,地膜的使用量总体呈现逐年增长的趋势。地膜覆盖变化率与主要作物单位面积变化率呈正相关,覆膜变化率从2002年的0.127增加到2018年的1.893,相应的单产变化率从0.270增加到2.112。此外,地膜覆盖面积同化学除草、病虫害防治面积相比,对产量的贡献率达到了0.534 8,仅次于化学除草面积,表明地膜覆盖对产量的提高有积极的作用。在农资投入方面,与众多农资投入指标相比,地膜投入费用与主要作物产量的关联度位居第二,达到了0.426 4。[结论]综上所述,地膜覆盖对新疆作物生产的贡献明显,研究其具体贡献状况有助于对新疆地膜覆盖栽培技术应用提供理论依据。

[Objective]To clarify the application and contribution of ground film mulching cultivation technology in Xinjiang.[Method]We queried the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Statistical Yearbook and China Rural Statistical Yearbook from 2000 to 2018 and the related literature from 1990 to 2021.[Result]Mulch had an important contribution in agricultural production in Xinjiang,and the use of mulch showed an overall trend of year-on-year increase from 2000 to 2018.The rate of change of mulch cover showed positive correlation with the rate of change of unit area of major crops,with the rate of change of mulch cover increasing from 0.127 in 2002 to 1.893 in 2018,and the corresponding rate of change of yield increased from 0.270 to 2.112.In addition,the contribution of mulch cover area to yield compared with chemical weed control and pest control area reached 0.5348,second only to chemical weed control.Results indicated that mulching had a positive effect on yield improvement.In terms of agricultural inputs,the correlation between mulch input cost and yield of major crops was the second highest compared with many agricultural input indicators,reaching 0.4264.[Conclusion]The contribution of mulch to crop production in Xinjiang was obvious,and the study of its specific contribution status provided a theoretical basis for the application of mulch cultivation technology in Xinjiang.