经典名方小承气汤药效成分及临床应用研究进展

Research Progress on Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Xiaochengqi Decoction(小承气汤)

古代经典名方,是指至今仍广泛应用、疗效确切、具有明显特色与优势的古代中医典籍所记载的方剂。近年来,我国出台一系列法律法规,积极鼓励开发经典名方。2018年,第一批古代经典名方目录公布,为深入挖掘中医药宝库中的精华开启方便之门。小承气汤出自张仲景《伤寒论》,方由大黄、枳实、厚朴三味药组成,适用于治疗阳明腑实轻证。查阅文献发现,关于小承气汤历史沿革的考证,化学成分、药理研究都已有文献记载,而有关小承气汤临床应用的文献都十分零散。其临床应用所涉及的疾病广泛,但至今未有较为详细的总结。作者将小承气汤的古今文记载、药理作用及其近代临床应用的相关文献进行了整理,并进行归纳。据统计有关“小承气汤临床应用”的文献共有304篇,主要涉及消化系统疾病、术后治疗、呼吸系统疾病及其他。其中治疗消化系统疾病的文献最多,共有151篇,涉及胃部和肠部的共128篇,占总数的42.11%。温故而知新,通过对小承气汤临床应用等信息的统计,以期为其进一步的开发应用提供依据。

The ancient classic prescriptions refer to the prescriptions recorded in ancient Chinese medicine classics that are still widely used,have definite curative effects,and have obvious characteristics and advantages.In recent years,our country has introduced a series of laws and regulations to actively encourage the development of classic prescription.In 2018,the first batch of catalogues of ancient prescriptions was released.It opens the door of convenience for excavating the essence of traditional Chinese medicine.Xiaochengqi Decoction(小承气汤)comes from ZHANG Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases.According to the literature review,the research on the historical evolution of Xiaochengqi Decoction,the chemical composition and pharmacological research have been recorded in the literature,and the literature on the clinical application of Xiaochengqi Decoction is very scattered.Its clinical application involves a wide range of diseases,but there is no more detailed summary so far.We have sorted out the relevant literature on the ancient and modern records of Xiaochengqi Decoction,its pharmacological effects and its modern clinical application,and summarized it.According to statistics,there are 304 literatures related to“clinical application of Xiaochengqi Decoction”,mainly involving digestive system diseases,postoperative treatment,respiratory system diseases and others.Among them,there are 151 articles on the treatment of the digestive system diseases,a total of 128 articles involving the stomach and intestines,accounting for 42.11%of the total.It is hoped that the statistics of the clinical application of Xiaochengqi Decoction will provide a basis for its further development and application.