中国区域国别学自主知识体系建设的形势、路径与国际视野

The Construction of the Autonomous Knowledge System of Area Studies in China:its Situation,Paths and International Reference

伴随区域国别学纳入交叉学科一级学科目录,区域国别学进入了新的历史时期。2022年12月《国际观察》编辑部组织召开“中国区域国别学自主知识体系建设的形势、路径与国际视野”讨论会,形成了一组笔谈,分别从外国语言文学与区域国别研究的学科交叉关系、区域国别学研究方法、区域国别学学科建设与自主知识体系建设以及美日俄的区域国别学知识体系建设经验等角度展开论述,为区域国别学构建的立足、立意与区域案例做出初步的理论与实践探索。研究认为,外国语言文学学科在区域国别研究中,应探索跨通融导向的学科建设,改善非通用语种师资结构,对标国家需求加强人才培养,改革评价机制实现良性循环;“中国故事”作为知识生产和话语操作场域,介入区域国别话语体系,建构中国知识共同体,助推区域国别学研究的中国式沉浸;区域国别学在学科建设层面存在学术积淀、学术理论、学术定位、学者禀赋、学生追求、学术成果、学风、学位点(学位授权点)、学会支撑、学术评价(体系)这十大要素;中国的特色区域国别学需要围绕理论体系、语言训练、田野调查、研究覆盖面等方面开展建设。在国际经验比较方面,专家认为,美国的区域国别研究实力雄厚,并基于战略、学术和资本的三重驱动,在知识生产创新性、人才培养系统性、学科建设体系化、决策资政机制化等方面取得了显著成效,但也存在为迎合“政治正确”和“金主需求”而急功近利等问题;日本的区域国别研究历史悠久且积淀深厚,其研究范式独具特色,这在理论和方法层面给我国的区域国别研究提供有益借鉴;俄罗斯的区域国别研究即强调学科的自主性,也强调其跨学科研究范式,研究的范畴与方法也在向主学科靠拢。

After Area Studies became an independent first-level discipline under the interdisciplinary category, the long history of no clear disciplinary attribution of Area Studies ended. In December 2022, the editorial department of International Review organized a seminar on “The Construction of the Autonomous Knowledge System of Area Studies in China” and formed a group of written exchanges. This paper discusses the interdisciplinary relations among foreign languages and literature and Area Studies;the methods of Area Studies;the discipline construction on Area Studies;the construction of Area Studies in the United States, Japan, and Russia, to make a preliminary theoretical and practical exploration of the foothold, purpose,and regional cases of the construction of Area Studies. The discipline of foreign language and literature should explore interdisciplinary construction in Area Studies,improving the structure of teachers in non-common languages, strengthening talent training according to the needs of the national strategies, and reforming the evaluation institutions to achieve positive effects. As a field of knowledge production and discourse operation, “Chinese Story” intervenes in the area discourse system, constructs a Chinese knowledge community, and promotes Chinese characteristics in Area Studies.In discipline construction, there are ten significant elements in Area Studies: academic accumulation, academic theory, academic orientation, scholar resources, student training,academic achievements, academic style, degree programs, academic associations, and academic evaluation system. Area Studies with Chinese characteristics need to be built around theoretical approaches, language training, fieldwork, and research coverage. The United States has a strong capacity for Area Studies. Promoted by strategy, academics and capital, the US has achieved remarkable achievements in knowledge production,talent training, discipline construction, and making policy recommendations. However,there are also problems such as eagerness for quick success and instant benefits to meet the “political correctness” and “the needs of political contributors”. Japan’s Area Studies have a long history and profound accumulation, and its research paradigm is unique, these experiences provide valuable references for China’s Area Studies on theories and approaches. Russia’s Area Studies emphasize disciplines’ autonomy and interdisciplinary research paradigm. The scope and methods of research are also close to the main fields.