新发展格局下中国高水平对外开放与区域协调发展:历史演进、理论逻辑与实现路径

China’s High-Standard Opening Up and Coordinated Regional Development Under the New Development Pattern:Historical Evolution,Theoretical Logic and Realization Path

自1978年改革开放以来,中国对外开放先后经历有限开放、扩大开放、全面开放和深化开放四个阶段,区域经济格局也从计划平衡发展演变到非均衡发展再到协调发展。新发展格局下,原有对外开放模式在促进区域协调发展方面存在一些局限性,亟须开展新一轮的高水平对外开放。以新发展理念和人类命运共同体为引领理念,本文从“更大范围-市场开放-全国统一大市场、更宽领域-贸易开放-产业协同发展、更深层次-制度开放-区域治理模式”三个维度构建新发展格局下高水平对外开放促进区域协调发展的逻辑框架,并在此基础上提出高水平对外开放促进区域协调发展的实现路径。

Since 1978,China’s opening-up has experienced four stages:limited opening,extended opening,all-round opening and deepening opening,making remarkable achievements.However,it also caused regional economic development to shift from planned balance to unbalance,leading to regional,income,and urban-rural gaps.With the introduction of a series of reforms and regulations,an all-around opening pattern is taking shape,and regional economic development is adapting from uncoordinated to coordinated.China’s last round of opening up had some limitations in promoting coordinated regional development.First,the scope of opening mainly focused on developed countries with highly concentrated markets and strong dependence,increasingly exposed the risk of vulnerability to external blockades.Second,China was opened along the path of special zone-coastal-riverside-border-inland,resulting in vast differences between regions and insufficient internal economic development.Third,due to the lack of production factors such as capital and technology,China embedded the global value chain division of labor system mainly through low-end manufacturing,causing a relatively short domestic industrial chain,unable to effectively promote the development of related industries through industrial linkage effects.Under the new development pattern,opening to a higher standard is urgent.This paper constructs a logical framework for high-standard opening up to promote coordinated regional development from three dimensions:wider scope-market opening-national unified market,broader field-trade opening-coordinated industrial development,and deeper level-institutional opening-regional governance model.First,it is necessary to establish a national unified market based on a wider range of market opening,increasing the opening of the central and western regions to developing countries.Second,it should promote coordinated industrial development with a wider trade opening as the driving force,expanding the opening of service industries,and strengthening industrial interaction through the dual embedding mode of the value chain.Third,it is necessary to improve the regional governance model with the support of deeper institutional opening,connecting international economic and trade norms with domestic institutional systems,and optimizing domestic institutional supply based on internal reform.Therefore,to promote China’s coordinated regional development,it is recommended to form an open pattern of land-sea linkage and east-west interaction,promote the construction of a national unified market with institutional opening,and accelerate the characteristic opening and linkage development of free trade zones.Furthermore,it should expand the opening of service industries,extend the national value chain,and build a world-class urban agglomeration as well.