不同蝴蝶兰品种及原生种杂交特性研究

Study on Cross-pollination Characteristics of Different Phalaenopsis Varieties and Native Species

为提高蝴蝶兰杂交育种的成功率并筛选出优异杂交亲本,采用常规杂交育种技术,对收集的若干蝴蝶兰种质资源开展杂交亲和性研究。结果表明:199个蝴蝶兰杂交组合中,99个组合获得了成熟蒴果,占杂交组合数的49.7%,61个组合无菌播种后种子正常萌发;筛选出‘火凤凰’、‘香妃’及‘大辣椒’等栽培品种适宜作为育种亲本材料,原生种‘萤光’、‘C1’和‘滇西’作为父本亲和性更好;大花型间杂交结实率和萌发率最高,大花型与中小花型间杂交成功率最低;蒴果发育时间在130~159 d为宜,无菌播种萌发率可达80%以上。

In order to improve the success rate of hybrid breeding in Phalaenopsis and to screen out excellent hybrid parents,the cross affinity studies were conducted for several Phalaenopsis germplasm resources by using conventional cross-pollination techniques.The results showed that among 199 Phalaenopsis hybrid combinations,mature capsules were obtained in 99 combinations,accounting for 49.7%of the number of hybrid combinations,the seed germination of 61 combinations was normal after aseptic sowing.P.‘Huofenghuang’,P.‘Xiangfei’and P.‘Dalajiao’were suitable as parent materials in breeding,the native species P.violacea,P.tetraspis C1 and P.stobariana as male parents,which had better affinity;the crosses between large-flowered types had the highest seed-setting and germination rate,and the crosses between large-flowered type and small-and medium-flowered type had the lowest success rate;the appropriate capsule development time was 130~159 d,the germination rate of aseptic seeds could reach more than 80%.