政治修辞、权威竞争与政权存续:坦桑尼亚的疫情治理与政党政治

Political Rhetoric,Authority Competition,and Regime Survival:COVID-19 Management and Party Politics in Tanzania

2020年,坦桑尼亚大选前围绕疫情治理展开的政党政治博弈,本质上是政治权威与专家权威的修辞竞争。坦桑尼亚时任总统马古富力与革命党运用政党修辞能力,构建出以宗教信仰和替代疗法为特征的修辞话语,同时利用行政权力对专家权威进行了系统性压制,从而推行了经济优先的防疫政策,保障了民众在疫情期间的基本生计,并成功说服多数选民支持其连任。2021年马古富力的病逝及其死因争议削弱了革命党修辞能力的直接说服效果,但依托治理绩效的间接说服路径影响更为深远。多数民众在经历了疫情治理和总统死因的修辞争议后,依然支持革命党政权及其疫情治理策略。对于发展中国家的公共卫生治理和政党政治过程,权威竞争视角和修辞能力概念或许可以提供新的理解方式。

The party competition surrounding the management of COVID-19 in Tanzania before the 2020 presidential election was essentially a contest between political and expert authority.President Magufuli and the ruling party,Chama cha Mapinduzi(CCM),employed rhetorical strategies to emphasize religious beliefs and alternative therapies over expert advice,and used executive power to systematically suppress expert authority.This resulted in the successful implementation of an epidemic prevention policy that prioritized economic performance and guaranteed the basic livelihood of the population during the epidemic.Consequently,a majority of voters supported Magufuli's re-election.The death of President Magufuli in 2021 and the subsequent controversy surrounding the cause of his death weakened the direct persuasive effect of the party's rhetoric.However,the indirect persuasive path based on governance performance was more influential,as the majority of the population continued to support the CCM regime and its epidemic management policy despite the rhetorical controversy.The concepts of authority competition and rhetorical capacity contribute to the understanding of public health governance and party politics processes in developing countries.