国家安全系统理论刍议

On the Systems Theory of National Security

基于本体论、认识论和方法论的视角,可以在理解和贯彻总体国家安全观的基础上,实现学理层面对国家安全总体性和安全领域多维、多元、多尺度集成的阐释与把握。国家安全学的学理建构需要兼顾宏观体系化与微观精细化的要求,国家安全理论和学科探讨的复杂系统转向已具备从自发向自觉、从零散向体系的基础和条件。推动国家安全学科的系统化学理探索也拥有跨学科系统路径研究的对标、参照和借鉴可能。从复杂自适应系统的角度理解国家安全,有助于在充分承认不同领域特性和细化其关联方式的基础上实现局部与整体安全的动态平衡,并避免必要干预的缺失与追求绝对安全这两种极端。必要干预是在开放系统中降低安全环境失序风险的前提,也是避免机械论与还原论对国家安全总体性产生破坏的基础。强调效率与适应性的平衡,避免控制与安全的绝对化,则是统筹国家安全、尊重其涌现特征并加强总体韧性的保障。

This paper explores the possible directions of theory construction in National Security Studies.It incorporates the perspectives of complexity theory and systems theory and discusses how to realize multi-dimensional,multi-scale,and integrated interpretation and grasp of the totality of national security and the security field.It highlights the theoretical basis of understanding and implementing the concept of the Holistic Approach to National Security from the ontological,epistemological,and methodological angles.This paper argues that the foundation and conditions are ripe for the study of national security theory to evolve from the state of"spontaneous exploration"to"conscious exploration,"and from"fragmented"development to"systemic"development.Advancing the systemic theoretical exploration of the national security discipline also has the possibility of benchmarking,referencing,and learning from research based on cross-disciplinary approaches.Understanding national security from the perspective of complex adaptive systems can help achieve a dynamic balance between partial and overall security on the basis of fully recognizing the characteristics of different fields,refining the ways they are related,and avoiding the two extremes of the absence of necessary intervention and the pursuit of absolute security.Necessary intervention is a prerequisite for reducing the risk of disorder in the security environment in an open system,and is the basis for correcting the damage to the totality of national security caused by mechanicalism and reductionism1..Emphasizing the balance between efficiency and adaptability and avoiding the absolutism of control and security is an approach for coordinating national security and strengthening overall resilience.