中国宪法社会权的体系解释

A Systemic Interpretation of Social Rights in the Chinese Constitution

中国宪法中规定的社会权条款不能孤立地进行理解,也不能简单地套用传统宪法学的积极权利或社会经济权利等概念进行解释。在立足于中国宪法的体系解释视角下,社会权具有民生保障、民主政治和国家建构的三重维度。在中国宪法的整体结构和规范意图中,社会权也不只是一种社会经济权利,而且是带有社会主义性质的基本权利。具体而言,社会权不仅是个人向政府索要经济福利的请求权,也是实现完整社会身份的基本公民权。社会权不仅仅具有社会经济性质,更具有一定程度上的政治性质。社会权的规范结构,特别是社会权的功能及义务指向,也需要基于此种性质进行建构。社会权的功能更多地体现为客观价值秩序功能,其具体的保护义务不仅指向合宪性审查机关和司法机关等具体国家机构,同时也指向了整个国家治理体系,从而形成一种中国式的社会权制度保障模式。

The provisions on social rights in the Chinese Constitution cannot be understood in isolation,nor can they be interpreted simply by referring to the concepts of positive rights or social and economic rights in traditional constitutional theory.A systematic interpretation of the Chinese Constitution shows that social rights exhibit three interrelated dimensions:promoting the people’s livelihood,promoting democratic politics,and promoting citizens’participation in state-building.In the overall structure and normative intent of the Chinese Constitution,social rights are not just a kind of social and economic right,but also a basic right with a socialist nature.Social rights are not only the rights of an individual to ask for economic welfare from the state,but also the basic right to citizenship allowing the realization of a complete social identity.Social rights are not only of a socio-economic nature,but also of a political nature.The normative structure of social rights needs to be reconstructed based on this understanding.Social rights’obligation to protect not only points to specific state institutions such as the constitutional review organ and the judiciary,but also to the whole system of state governance,thus forming a Chinese-style social rights guarantee model.