路政与河政的纠葛:以郑州黄河铁路大桥为中心(1903—1937)

The Entanglement of Railway Administration and River Administration:Centering on Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge,1903—1937

清末郑州黄河铁路大桥的兴建,引发了黄河下游铁路与河防的冲突。黄河的河道、堤防、两岸地质特征,促使铁桥规划避开了下游开封河段,选址郑州。黄河铁桥的工程设计缺陷,更使得路政与河政之间的矛盾激化。铁桥上游北岸的堤防与抛石护墩问题,成为铁路部门与河务部门的冲突焦点。在黄河铁桥兴建、维护中,双方经历了从对峙到合作,从独行到共商的历史过程,初步建立起河防与路政兼顾的合作模式。铁桥工程引发的路政与河政纠葛,蕴含着新旧思想、技术、中西文化、中央与地方的多重冲突,映射出黄河治理的传统要务与近代中国交通革新及维新图强的演变轨迹。

The construction of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge in the late Qing dynasty led to the conflict between railway administration and river administration in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The channels,embankments,and geological features along the banks of the Yellow River prompted the bridge to be built in Zhengzhou rather than in Kaifeng.The defects in the engineering design of the Yellow River Railway Bridge had intensified the conflict between railway administration and river administration.The problem of embankment and pier protection by riprap on the north bank of the upstream of the railway bridge had become the focus of conflict between the two departments.During the construction and maintenance of the bridge,the two departments of railway administration and river administration went through the historical process from confrontation to cooperation,and from acting alone to mutual consultation,preliminarily establishing the cooperation mode of balancing flood control and bridge operation.The entanglement of railway administration and river administration caused by the construction of railway bridge reveals the conflicts between old and new ideas,technologies,Chinese and Western cultures,and the central and local governments,and reflects the contradiction between the traditional priorities of the Yellow River regulation and the transportation reform in modern China.