童年贫困与中老年健康——年龄效应和队列效应的考察

The Association between Childhood Poverty and Health of Middle-aged and Elderly:Age Effect and Cohort Effect

童年是成长与发展的关键窗口期。在生命历程理论的基础上,依托CHARLS 2011-2018年4期追踪数据,采用发展模型,探究童年贫困影响的年龄效应和队列效应。结果表明:童年贫困的影响跨越整个生命历程,对中老年健康具有持续性的消极作用;这种消极作用随着年龄的增长不断累积,由此引发的自评健康和日常生活活动能力的不平等也会逐渐扩大,支持累积劣势(优势)理论;队列效应展示了与社会变迁相关的历史印记,对于自评健康和抑郁程度,出生队列越晚,童年贫困的影响越深刻,累积性趋势愈明显;与城镇地区相比,农村样本中日常生活活动能力和抑郁程度上,童年贫困影响的累积趋势在连续出生队列间表现的更为明显。

Childhood is a critical stage of growth and development.Based on the life course theory and CHARLS data from 2011 to 2018,this paper uses growth curve model to explore the age effect and cohort effect of childhood poverty.The results show that,childhood poverty has a persistent negative impact on the health of middle-aged and elderly.This negative effect accumulates with age,and the inequality in self-rated health and activities of daily living caused by childhood poverty also increases,supporting the cumulative disadvantage(advantage)theory.The cohort effect shows the historical imprints related to social changes.The later the birth cohort is,the more profound the influence of childhood poverty on self-rated health and depression,and the more significant the cumulative trend is.Compared with urban areas,in terms of activities of daily living and depression,the cumulative trend is more pronounced across successive birth cohorts in rural areas.