本科新生高尿酸血症相关因素和健康宣教对血尿酸水平的影响

The related factors of hyperuricemia and the effect of health education on serum uric acid level in undergraduate freshmen

目的调查中国矿业大学(北京)本科新生高尿酸血症的患病率及其相关因素,并探索单纯健康宣教对高尿酸血症血尿酸水平的影响。方法选择2020年中国矿业大学(北京)接受入学体检的1978名本科新生为研究对象,清晨空腹测量身高、体重和血压,并抽血测量血尿酸、谷丙转氨酶、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。调查本科新生高尿酸血症的患病率,使用Spearman相关性检验分析身体质量指数、血压和生化指标与血尿酸的关联,并使用多因素Logistic回归模型分析高尿酸血症的相关因素。对血尿酸≥500μmol/L的学生进行单纯健康宣教,2个月后复查血尿酸值,使用配对秩和检验分析健康宣教前后血尿酸值差异是否具有统计学意义。结果在1978名本科新生中,患有高尿酸血症者902例,患病率达45.6%(95%CI:43.4%~47.8%),其中男生患病率(54.6%)显著高于女生(28.5%),其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血尿酸水平与身体质量指数(r=0.46,P<0.001)、谷丙转氨酶(r=0.43,P<0.001)和收缩压(r=0.35,P<0.001)均呈低强度正相关。男性、超重或肥胖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇边缘升高和谷丙转氨酶异常均与高尿酸血症患病风险增加相关。对血尿酸值≥500μmol/L者进行规范的健康宣教,2个月后其血尿酸水平下降幅度为69(35,110)μmol/L,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论中国矿业大学(北京)本科新生高尿酸血症患病率较高,男性、超重或肥胖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇边缘升高和谷丙转氨酶升高均与高尿酸血症相关,单纯健康宣教对短期降低血尿酸水平效果显著。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in undergraduate freshmen from China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)and its related factors,and explore the effect of health education on serum uric acid level of hyperuricemia.Methods A total of 1978 freshmen from China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)in 2020 were selected.The height,weight and blood pressure were measured on an empty stomach in the morning,and serum uric acid,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),triglyceride,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were measured.The prevalence of hyperuricemia among college freshmen was investigated.Spearman correlation analyses were used to analyze the related factors of serum uric acid.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of hyperuricemia.The students with serum uric acid≥500μmol/L were given health education.After two months,the serum uric acid level was measured,and paired rank sum test was used to analyze whether there were differences in serum uric acid level before and after health education.Results Among the 1978 freshmen,902 had hyperuricemia,and the prevalence rate was 45.6%(95%CI:43.4%~47.8%).The prevalence rate of males was significantly higher than that of females(54.6%vs.28.5%,P<0.001).Serum uric acid was correlated with body mass index(BMI)(r=0.46,P<0.001),ALT(r=0.43,P<0.001)and systolic blood pressure(r=0.35,P<0.001).Males,BMI≥24.0 kg/m 2,LDL-C≥3.4 mmol/L and ALT>40 U/L were associated with hyperuricemia.After health education,the serum uric acid level of college students with serum uric acid≥500μmol/L was dropped by 69(35,110)μmol/L(P<0.001).Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia among college freshmen is high.Males,overweight or obesity,high LDL-C and high ALT were related with hyperuricemia.Health education has significant effects on short-term reduction of serum uric acid levels.