民用飞机操稳试飞中的临界状态确定

Determination of Critical State in Civil Aircraft Flight Test

民用飞机适航规章常常要求飞机在最临界的情况下具有适航性,但条款本身又经常未明确给出具体的规定。FAA(美国联邦航空管理局)发布的咨询通告及EASA(欧洲航空安全局)的符合性方法虽然提供部分科目的临界情况指导,但是指导并不全面,而且也没有原理性说明。为分析及明确民用飞机适航规章的临界情况,该文从试飞目的出发,分析条款要求,依据可接受判据,运用飞行力学原理,给出民用飞机操稳试飞中的临界状态确定的分析过程及结论,所用分析过程及结论可为民用飞机的型号试飞提供有益参考。

The airworthiness regulations of civil aircraft often require the airworthiness of the aircraft in the most critical cases,but the provisions themselves often do not give specific provisions.Although the consultation circular issued by FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)and the compliance method of EASA(European Union Aviation Safety Agency)provide critical guidance for some subjects,the guidance is not comprehensive and has no rationale.In order to analyze and clarify the critical situation of the airworthiness regulations of civil aircraft,this paper starts from the purpose of flight test,analyzing the requirements of the terms.And according to the acceptable criterion and the principle of flight mechanics,this paper gives the analysis process and conclusion of determining the critical state in the stable flight test of civil aircraft.The analysis process and conclusions can provide useful reference for the type flight test of civil aircraft.