高海拔隧道紧急救援站人员疏散特征及规律研究

Research on the Characteristics and Regularity of Evacuation in Tunnel Emergency Rescue Station at High Altitude

为得到高海拔环境下特长铁路隧道内紧急救援站人员疏散的特征及规律,综合考虑高海拔环境、恐慌心理、火灾因素、人员年龄性别组成以及列车结构等因素,采用Pathfinder人员疏散仿真模拟技术,对人员疏散速度随海拔高度的变化规律及修正关系进行研究,分析了不同海拔高度紧急救援站内各结构参数耦合变化下的人员疏散时间等关键参数的变化规律。研究表明:(1)随着海拔高度提升,人员疏散速度逐渐降低,海拔高度由1 km上升至5 km时,疏散速度海拔平均修正系数α1由1下降至0.616;(2)随着心理压力值增加,人员疏散速度不同程度加快,疏散速度恐慌修正系数α2为1.346;(3)海拔高度3 km以上时,人员疏散速度折减明显,海拔高度为3 km、4 km和5 km对应的人员疏散速度与平原地区相比分别降低了约12%、23%和38%;(4)海拔高度越高、紧急救援站横通道宽度越小、间距越大,则出口处聚集现象越严重,人员疏散率降低;(5)海拔高度3 km时,紧急救援站疏散横通道的间距不宜大于60 m,海拔高度4 km和5 km时,其间距不宜大于50 m,横通道宽度均不宜小于3.5 m。

In order to obtain the characteristics and regularity of personnel evacuation in extra-long railway tunnel emergency rescue station at high altitude,considering factors such as high altitude environment,panic psychology,age and gender composition of personnel and train structure,the Pathfinder personnel evacuation simulation technology was used,the change rule of personnel evacuation speed with altitude and its correction relationship is studied.The variation rules of key parameters such as personnel evacuation time under the coupling changes of various structural parameters in emergency rescue stations at different altitudes are analyzed.The results show that:(1)As the altitude increases,the evacuation speed decreases gradually.When the altitude increases from 1km to 5km,the mean altitude correction coefficient α1 of evacuation speed decreases from 1 to 0.616;(2)With the increase of psychological pressure,the evacuation speed is accelerated to varying degrees,and the panic correction coefficient α2 of evacuation speed is 1.346;(3)When the altitude is above 3km,the evacuation velocity decreases significantly.Compared with the plain area,the evacuation velocity corresponding to the altitude of 3 km,4 km and 5 km decreases by about 12%,23%and 38%,respectively;(4)The higher the altitude,the smaller the width and the larger the distance of the cross passage of the emergency rescue station,the more serious the aggregation phenomenon at the exit,and the lower the evacuation rate;(5)When the altitude is above 3 km,the distance between the evacuation cross passageways of the emergency rescue station should not be greater than 60 m,the spacing should not be more than 50 m when the altitude is 4 km and 5 km,and the width should not be less than 3.5 m.