胰腺癌免疫治疗研究热点的文献计量学可视化分析

Visualization analysis of bibliometrics on hot research topics in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy

背景与目的:胰腺癌是恶性程度较高的消化系统肿瘤之一,因其起病隐匿,早期常无典型症状,且肿瘤的侵袭性较强,故预后较差。随着对胰腺癌分子发病机制的深入研究,免疫治疗已成为胰腺癌治疗的新焦点。文献计量学是一种分析某一领域文献、直观地总结文献的趋势并预测研究热点的常用方法。本文旨在通过文献计量和知识图谱可视化分析胰腺癌免疫治疗的研究现状、热点和趋势,为后续的研究提供方向。方法:从Web of Science核心合集中提取相关出版物从开始到2022年5月发表的有关胰腺癌免疫治疗的文献,使用CtieSpace和VOSviewer等软件对该领域文献的国家、机构、作者、参考文献和关键词进行文献计量可视化分析。结果:共纳入2009—2022年发表与胰腺癌免疫治疗相关的英文文献2230篇,自2016年文献数量每年都在稳定增长。这些文献的7365位作者来自75个国家/地区的884个机构,共有7943篇共被引参考文献。发文量最多的国家为美国(n=964),其次是中国(n=552);发文量最多的机构为美国约翰霍普金斯大学(n=67)和德克萨斯大学MD安德森癌症中心(n=65);发文量最多的作者为美国约翰霍普金斯大学的ElizabethMJaffee(n=41)和LeiZheng(n=31)。共被引次数最多的文献为“Genomicanalyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer”(n=161),共被引参考文献时间线图显示,聚类“肿瘤微环境”是从2016年开始一直持续到现在的热点。关键词的突发检测揭示了胰腺癌免疫治疗领域的发展,最初的热点主要是“疫苗”,而近年来重点转移到“伊匹单抗”“检查点阻断”“上皮间质转化”“星状细胞”“巨噬细胞”“错配修复缺陷”和“肿瘤微环境”等。结论:与胰腺癌免疫治疗的相关研究呈持续上升趋势,是胰腺癌治疗的重要研究方向,目前美国在这一研究领域尚处于绝对领先地位。相关研究表明独特的肿瘤微环境可能是胰腺癌恶性程度较高且对放化疗不敏感的主要原因,深入研究胰腺癌肿瘤微环境(TME)的致病机理是目前研究的重点。除此之外,聚焦于“上皮间质转化”和“免疫检查点抑制”等的研究较为普遍,现有的研究表明单一的治疗手段对胰腺癌的治疗效果有限,免疫联合疗法或化疗联合免疫疗法可以进一步提高胰腺癌的临床疗效,是未来临床研究的趋势。

Background and Aims:Pancreatic cancer is one of the digestive system tumors with a high degree of malignancy.Due to its insidious onset,early symptoms are often not typical,and it has a strong invasive nature,therefore,the prognosis is poor.With the in-depth study of the molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer,immunotherapy has become a new focus of pancreatic cancer treatment.Bibliometrics is a commonly used method to analyze the literature of a certain field,summarize the trend of the literature intuitively,and predict research hotspots.This article aims to provide direction for subsequent research by analyzing the current status,hotspots,and trends of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer through bibliometrics and knowledge map visualization.Methods:The relevant publications on pancreatic cancer immunotherapy published from the inception to May 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection.A bibliometric visualization analysis of countries,institutions,authors,references,and keywords in the publications in this filed was performed using software such as CtieSpace and VOSviewer.Results:A total of 2230 English-language literature related to pancreatic cancer immunotherapy published between 2009 and 2022 were included,and the number of publications has been steadily increasing every year since 2016.These publications had 7943 co-cited references and 7365 authors from 884 institutions in 75 countries/regions.The country with the most publications was the United States(n=964),followed by China(n=552).The institution with the most publications was Johns Hopkins University in the United States(n=67)and the MD Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas(n=65).The authors with the most publications were Elizabeth M Jaffee(n=41)and Lei Zheng(n=31),both from Johns Hopkins University in the United States.The most cited publication was"Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer"(n=161),and the timeline of co-cited references showed that clustering"tumor microenvironment"has been a hot topic since 2016.The keyword burst detection revealed the development of the field of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy,with"vaccine"being the initial hot topic,and the focus shifting to"ipilimumab""checkpoint blockade""epithelial-mesenchymal transition""stellate cells""macrophages""mismatch repair deficiency"and"tumor microenvironment"in recent years.Conclusion:Research related to immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer is showing a sustained upward trend and has become an important research direction for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Currently,the United States is in an absolute leading position in this research field.Studies have shown that the unique tumor microenvironment may be the main reason for the high malignancy and insensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer,and the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment are the current focus of research.In addition,research focusing on"epithelial-mesenchymal transition"and"immune checkpoint inhibition"is more common.Existing research indicates that single treatment options have limited effectiveness for the treatment of pancreatic cancer,and immune combination therapy or chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy can further improve the clinical efficacy of pancreatic cancer,which is the trend of future clinical research.