性早熟动物造模研究进展

Advances in animal modeling of precocious puberty

性早熟是儿童常见内分泌疾病,动物实验在研究性早熟的发病机制和药物治疗中必不可少,因此建立合适的动物模型是研究性早熟的必要前提。啮齿类(如大鼠)与非人灵长类动物的青春期发育过程与人类近似,性腺发育指征明确,是性早熟模型常用动物。根据研究内容不同出现了达那唑、N-甲基-DL-天冬氨酸、雌二醇、高脂饲料、不良生活条件、光照及褪黑素、锰暴露、环境内分泌干扰物、颅脑辐射、脑内药物注射等多种性早熟造模方法。目前多采用阴道开口时间、阴道涂片及动情周期观察、血清性激素水平测定、下丘脑基因检测、性器官检测等多种指标对性早熟动物实验进行评估。

Precocious puberty is a common endocrine disease in children.Animal experiments are essential in the study of the pathogenesis and drug treatment of precocious puberty.Therefore,establishing an appropriate animal model is a prerequisite for studying the condition.The pubertal development processes in rats and non⁃human primates are similar to those in humans,and the indications of gonadal development are clear.Rats and non⁃human primates are common animal models of precocious puberty.According to different research needs,there are many modeling method of precocious puberty,such as danazol,N⁃methyl⁃DL⁃aspartic acid,estradiol,high⁃fat feed,low⁃safety environment,light and melatonin,manganese exposure,environmental endocrine disruptors,brain radiation,and intracerebral drug injection.At present,vaginal opening time,vaginal smear and estrous cycle observations,serum sex hormone level determination,hypothalamic gene⁃level index detection,sexual organ detection,and others,are the most common indicators used to evaluate precocious puberty during animal experiments.