1756年衍圣公请废告子从祀裁减庙户案辨析

Analysis of Duke Yansheng Request to Abolish the"Gaozi"Co-presiding Over Sacrificial Rites and Reduce Tenants of the Confucian Temple in 1756

1756年,孔子第七十一世孙衍圣公孔昭焕向清政府提出废除“告子”从祀及裁撤孔府庙户的请求,却遭到乾隆皇帝严厉批评,甚至险些失去爵位,使孔府一时人心惶惶。通过此案件的分析,还原其来龙去脉后,可知孔昭焕请废告子从祀有其理论根据,并非不符礼制。但乾隆皇帝仍借庙户问题,严惩孔昭焕等人,并趁机收回孔府选任曲阜知县的人事权,借以打压孔府势力,贬低其道统地位,而清政府也借此以更好地维护自身在地方管理中的权威及其礼教上的正统地位。

In 1756,Kong Zhaohuan,was generation descendant of Confucius in the main line of descent,proposed to the Qing government to abolish"Gaozi"co-presiding over sacrificial rites and the tenants of the Confucian Temple,but was severely criticized by Emperor Qianlong,and even almost lost his title,which made the Kong Family Mansion panic for a while.Through the analysis of the cause and effect of the case,we can know that Kong Zhao-huan request to abolish"Gaozi"co-presiding over cacrificial rites has its theoretical basis,and it is not inconsistent with the etiquette system of rites.However,Emperor Qianlong still took advantage of the issue of tenants belonging to the Confucian Temple to severely punish Kong Zhaohuan and the Kong Family Mansion members,and took the opportunity to take back the Kong Family Mansion's right to appoint the magistrate of Qufu County to belittled the cultural leadership of the Kong Family Mansion,so that the Qing government could better maintain its authority in local management and its orthodox position in ethics.