基于载能重离子的超薄薄膜纳米孔制备技术

Preparation techniques of nanopores in ultrathin membranes using energetic heavy ions

超薄薄膜纳米孔材料由于其优异的物理和化学特性,在物理学、生物学、电子学和纳米科学等多学科领域应用潜力巨大.高效、便捷和可控的制孔方法对于获得高品质的纳米孔尤为重要,而载能重离子辐照不仅是一种强大的材料改性手段,也是一种独特的纳米孔制备方法.近年来,北京大学重离子物理研究所在基于载能重离子辐照技术研制超薄薄膜纳米孔技术方面的进展显著,所用材料包括传统有机高分子膜与新型二维材料.本文主要从核径迹刻蚀有机薄膜纳米孔的制备技术和二维材料纳米孔制备技术两方面展开介绍,分别阐述了这两种技术的制孔方法、改性方法和对应的纳米孔材料在能量转化、分子检测、离子运输、纳米流体等领域的应用,为进一步深入研究载能重离子制备其他人工固态纳米孔提供了参考.

Nanopores in ultrathin membranes due to their excellent physical and chemical properties have shown great potential in applications of multiple research areas,such as physics,biology,electronics and nanotechnology.Therefore it is especially important to choose an efficient,facile,and controllable fabrication method in order to obtain high-quality nanopores.The irradiation of energetic heavy ions not only is a powerful method to modify material properties,but also has unique advantages in the field of nanopores fabrication.The Institute of Heavy Ion Physics,Peking University,has made remarkable progress in the development of nanopores in ultrathin films based on energetic heavy ion irradiation.The ultrathin film materials include traditional organic polymer films and novel two-dimensional materials.In this manuscript,we mainly report the fabrication techniques and applications of nanopores in ultrathin membranes,providing a reference for further investigating the fabrication of other artificial solid-state nanopores with irradiation of energetic heavy ions.Nanopores in ultrathin films have wide application prospects,but how to efficiently and controllably prepare nanopores that meet the requirements is the basis for the above applications.Energetic heavy ion irradiation technology has great potential in the preparation of nanopores.In recent years,the preparation of new two-dimensional porous materials,such as monolayer graphene and MoS2 has made great progress,and these two-dimension materials are applied in many fields such as seawater desalination,gas separation and bionic channels.The Institute of Heavy Ion Physics,Peking University,has carried out research on the preparation and applications of nanopores in ultrathin membranes based on the energetic heavy ion irradiation technology,established the preparation process of track-etched organic polymer membranes,and carried out its research on nanofluidic diodes and nanoparticle detection.Meanwhile,we successfully developed a method for preparing nanopores in two-dimension materials based on energetic heavy ions,which can prepare sub-nanopores with high density and controllable size.It has shown excellent performance in applications such as separation of ions,osmotic energy harvesting,and nanofluids.What's more,the related physical mechanisms have also been studied in depth.In this paper,the techniques for preparing nanopores in organic polymer films and nanopores in two-dimension materials by irradiation of energetic heavy ions are introduced respectively.The first part mainly introduces the preparations and applications of nanopores in organic polymer films.Firstly,the preparation process and unique advantages of track-etched membranes are described.In addition,the recent progress of our group in the adjustment of pore size and modification of single nanopores are introduced.Furthermore,the applications of track-etched membranes in energy conversion,molecule sensing detection and ion sieving are also shown in this part.Next,the preparation and applications of nanopores in two-dimension materials are introduced.In recent years,our group has studied the preparation technology of two-dimensional materials(monolayer graphene and MoS2)and the formation mechanism of nanopores.At the same time,the application of nanopores in two-dimension materials in the field of energy conversion and nanofluid is explored.The technology of nanopores in ultrathin films is in the ascendant,and more in-depth exploration and research are of great significance.