明清扶手椅椅背特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Chair Back of the Ming and Qing Style Armchair

为探究明清式扶手椅椅背造型和装饰规律,丰富明清式扶手椅的研究,以明清式扶手椅靠背部件为研究对象,运用图例分析法和数理统计方法,分别对椅背部件中的搭脑构件与靠背板构件进行研究,探讨了搭脑构件与靠背板构件的装饰手法和装饰图案特点。通过研究分析,得出在明清式扶手椅搭脑构件中,不出头搭脑造型运用较多,明代扶手椅多运用出头搭脑造型,而清代扶手椅则更多采用不出头搭脑造型;在靠背板构件研究中,明清两代扶手椅都更倾向于使用曲线形式的靠背板;装饰特点方面,明清两代扶手椅使用雕刻装饰手法较多,装饰图案题材的选择上,明代扶手椅多采用几何、文字等类型装饰图案,清代扶手椅对动植物和其他类型装饰图案的使用频率均很高。

In order to enrich the research of the Ming and Qing style armchair,the decorating methods and decorative pattern characteristics of headrest and backrest components were analyzed by using illustration analysis and mathematical statistics method with an aim to explore the modelling and decoration of the back components of the Ming and Qing style armchair.Through the research and analysis,it is concluded that the headrest with protruding ends is more used in the Ming style armchairs,while the Qing style armchairs prefer the headrest without protruding ends.In the research of the components of backrest,the armchairs of Ming and Qing dynasties were more inclined to use curved backrest.In terms of decorative features,the Ming and Qing dynasties armchairs used more carving and decoration techniques.In terms of the selection of decorative patterns,the geometric and character decorative patterns were used in the Ming Dynasty armchairs mostly,while the animals,plants and other decorative patterns were used in Qing Dynasty armchairs with high frequency.