试论川东渝西地区与杭州地区五代至宋地面建筑与石窟混合式佛寺

Research on Buddhist Temples in the Combination Style of Surface Buildings and Grottoes in Eastern Sichuan,Western Chongqing and Hangzhou Area from the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty

五代至宋,川东渝西地区与杭州地区均出现了地面建筑与石窟混合式佛寺,不过两地的寺院布局形式并不相同。重庆新津的石佛寺遗址和四川安岳的毗卢寺遗址以及浙江杭州的圣果寺遗址,即体现了这一差异。这种差异可细分为两种布局形式,一种是石窟造像位于地面佛寺主体建筑范围内,与地面建筑共同组成寺院的主体部分;一种是石窟造像位于地面佛寺主体建筑外围,属于寺院布局中的从属建筑。石佛寺与毗卢寺属于前者,而圣果寺则属于后者。两地产生差异的原因,一方面可能与两地其时佛教思想流布不同有关,另一方面可能与寺院时空安排有关。

From the Five dynasties to the Song dynasty,in the eastern Sichuan,western Chongqing and Hangzhou area,the Buddhist Temples in the combination style of surface buildings and grottoes appeared,while the layouts of the temples were different.This difference is reflected in the excavated archaeological sites,such as the Shifo Temple site in Xinjin,Chongqing,the Pilu Temple site in Anyue,Sichuan,and the Shengguo Temple site in Hangzhou,Zhejiang,which can be subdivided into two types of layout.One type of grotto statues is located within the scope of the main buildings of the surface Buddhist temple,forming the main part of the temple together with the surface buildings.The other type is located outside the main buildings of the surface Buddhist temple,belonging to the subordinate buildings in the temple.Shifo Temple and Pilu Temple belong to the former,while Shengguo Temple belongs to the latter.The differences between the two places may be related to the different dissemination of Buddhist thoughts in the two places at that time and the spatio-temporal arrangementoftemples.