我国“一带一路”沿线港口物流效率分析——基于三阶段Super-SBM模型

Analysis of Logistics Efficiency of Ports Along“the Belt and Road”in China:Based on the Three-stage Super-SBM Model

港口是“一带一路”物流体系的重要支撑和关键节点,本文基于我国“一带一路”沿线16个枢纽港口2015—2020年面板数据,运用三阶段Super-SBM(Slacks-Based Measure,基于松弛变量的度量)模型,对16个港口的物流效率进行实证测算。研究结果显示:(1)第一阶段各港口的效率值差距较大,只有青岛港、深圳港以及日照港的综合超效率值始终大于1。在第二阶段,通过SFA回归进行投入调整后,第三阶段实证显示我国“一带一路”沿线港口综合超效率值整体偏低,只有青岛港实现有效前沿面,广州港、天津港等港口的综合超效率处于领先位置。(2)青岛港、深圳港、上海港、宁波—舟山港、日照港等港口的技术效率在3个重点监控年份都大于1,水平较高。(3)Malmquist全要素生产率指数动态测算结果显示,除2019—2020年外,其余时期港口的平均Malmquist全要素生产率指数均达到有效。

Ports are important supports and key nodes of the logistics system of"the Belt and Road",based on the panel data of 16 hub ports along"the Belt and Road"in China from 2015 to 2020,this paper uses the three-stage Super-SBM(Slacks-Based Measure,based on the measurement of relaxation variables)model to empirically measure the logistics efficiency of 16 ports.The results show that,the efficiency value of each port in the first stage has a large gap,and only the comprehensive super efficiency value of Qingdao port,Shenzhen port and Rizhao port are always greater than 1.In the second stage,after the investment adjustment through SFA regression,the empirical results of the third phase show that the comprehensive super efficiency value of China's ports along"the Belt and Road"is generally low,only Qingdao port has achieved effective frontier,and the comprehensive super efficiency of ports such as Guangzhou port and Tianjin port is in a leading position.The technical efficiency value of Qingdao port,Shenzhen port,Shanghai port,Ningbo-Zhoushan port,Rizhao port and other ports are greater than 1 in the three key monitoring years,and the level is relatively high.The dynamic calculation results of the Malmquist total factor productivity index show that except for 2019 to 2020,the average Malmquist total factor productivity index of ports in other periods has reached validity.