乡村振兴视域下我国政策性农业担保的现实审思与完善策略

Realistic Reflection and Improvement Strategies of China’s Policy-Based Agricultural Guarantee from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

政策性农业担保是新时期深化农村金融制度改革,完善乡村振兴战略金融支持体系中的重点任务。当前,我国政策性农业担保在提升金融包容性、扶持农业产业发展、帮助农村居民增收致富上已经取得显著成效,但也暴露出反担保实质功能不强、考核监管体系不完善、风险分担和补偿机制设计不合理、人才培养及团队建设滞后、保障措施不健全等一系列问题。因此,下一步应从以下五大方面完善政策性农业担保的制度设计:一是加快完善相关法律制度设计,科技赋能推动农业担保技术革新;二是健全内部管理机制,强化风险识别和防控,规范“业务离农”现象;三是健全政府、银行、担保公司间相互协调配合的工作机制;四是优化担保制度构建,加强人才培养和团队建设,全面提升农业担保机构服务质量;五是科学制定发展规划,完善配套保障措施,优化组织协调机制。

The policy-based agricultural guarantee is an important task of deepening the reform of the rural financial service system and improving the financial supporting system of the rural revitalization strategy in the new era. At present, China’s policy-based agricultural guarantees have achieved remarkable results in improving the financial inclusion, supporting the development of agricultural industries, and helping rural residents increase their incomes. However, a series of problems are also revealed, such as weak substantial function of counter guarantee, imperfect check and supervision system, unreasonable risk sharing and compensation mechanism design, talent training and team building lagging behind, imperfect safeguarding measures, and so on. Therefore, for the next step, it is necessary to improve the institutional design of the policy-based agricultural guarantee from the following five areas: firstly, to speed up the improvement of the design of the relative legal system, energize the science and technology to promote the technological innovation for agricultural guarantee;secondly, to improve the internal management system, strengthen risk identification and risk prevention and control, and correct the phenomenon of doing business away from agriculture;thirdly, to improve the working mechanism of the cooperation among governments, banks and the guarantee companies;fourthly, to optimize the establishment of the guarantee system, strengthen the personnel training and team building, and improve the service quality of the agricultural guarantee institutions;fifthly, to formulate development planning scientifically, improve the supporting guarantee measurements, and optimize the organizing and coordinating mechanisms.