濒危植物秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归早期探索

Preliminary examination of the reintroduction of the endangered plant Petrocosmea qinlingensis

秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis)是秦岭地区分布的国家II级重点保护野生植物,具有重要的生态价值和观赏价值,但其野外数量极其稀少,处于濒危状态,亟需加强保护和拯救。本文在成功进行人工繁育和野外驯化的基础上,尝试开展野外回归实验。通过踏查法选择3个不同的野外回归地,同时采用随机样方调查和观察拍照的方法,定期记录野外回归的秦岭石蝴蝶生长情况并统计其存活率。结果表明:(1)野外回归地的海拔高度、空气湿度、土质结构和地表植被等环境因素的差异,均可不同程度地影响野外回归的秦岭石蝴蝶的存活率,其中海拔高度的影响达显著水平(P<0.05)。(2)遭遇的严重干旱、暴雨和冻害,均造成了3个野外回归地秦岭石蝴蝶不同程度的损失。(3)秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归12个月后,叶柄和叶片会明显伸长,而叶片数目和叶片宽度会明显下降。以上结果表明,加强野外回归前的驯化和野外回归地的小气候调查和选择是决定秦岭石蝴蝶野外回归能否成功的关键因素。这些研究将为进一步深入开展秦岭石蝴蝶的野外回归和其他濒危极小种群野生植物的迁地保护提供一定依据。

Aims:Petrocosmea qinlingensis is a Class-II National Key Protected Wild Plant distributed in the Qinling Mountains.It has important value,both ecologically and ornamentally.However,it is endangered and the numbers are few in the wild and thus need urgently strengthen protection and rescue.We are exploring the reintroduction of the endangered plant P.qinlingensis to the wild.This will provide the basis efforts to return P.qinlingensis to the Qinling Mountains as well as the reintroduction of other endangered species.Methods:Three different reintroduction sites were selected after inspection.At the same time,we used random quadrat survey and observation photography to record the growth situation and calculate survival rate of P.qinlingensis in the reintroduction sites.Results:(1)The difference of altitude,air humidity,soil texture and surface vegetation across three reintroduction sites affected the survival rate of the reintroduced P.qinlingensis.And altitude significantly affected the survival rate of the reintroduced P.qinlingensis among three different reintroduction sites(P<0.05).(2)Severe drought,rainstorm,and frost in three reintruduction sites caused the loss of P.qinlingensis to varying degrees.(3)After returning to the wild for 12 months,the petioles and leaves of P.qinlingensis elongated,while the number and width of the leaves decreased,as expected.Conclusion:Strengthening domestication before returning to the wild and investigation of the microclimate the returning places selected are key factors to determine the success of P.qinlingensis reintroduced to the wild.