仕履迁转与道里远近:宋代宰相免谪地考论

The Promotion of Official Career and the Distance of Way:The Song Dynasty Prime Minister’s Dethronement and Related Issues

宋代宰相为百官之长,其罢免一般出自皇帝旨意,但也受到诸多因素影响。宋代宰相罢免频率相较于前代明显增加。宰相免谪地的远近体现出离开政治核心的程度,与其能否再度返朝任职存在一定关系。宰相免谪地依据距离京师的远近可划分为京师(开封与临安)、临京府路、远府路、偏远府路四种类型。宰相免谪地远近一般取决于罢免缘由,同时又受到宰相出身、地位、政绩以及与皇帝、同僚、后宫之间的关系等因素影响。宰相免谪地的选择被灵活运用到皇帝罢免宰相的政治情势中,彰显在宰相人事任免中的皇权意志和最高统治力。

The prime minister of Song Dynasty is the chief of all officials,and his dismissal is generally based on the emperor,but it is also affected by many factors.The frequency of dismissal of prime ministers in Song Dynasty increased significantly compared with the previous generation.The prime minister’s exemption from relegation means that he leaves the center of power,and the distance of the prime minister’s exemption from relegation reflects the degree of leaving the political core,which is bound to have a certain relationship with whether he can return.In the Song Dynasty,the prime minister’s land of exemption from relegation could be divided into four types according to the distance from the capital(Kaifeng and Lin’an),Linjingfu Lu,Yuanfu Lu and Pianyuanfu Lu.The distance of the prime minister relegation generally depends on the reason for his dismissal,and is also influenced by the origin,status,and political achievements of the prime minister,as well as the relationship with the emperor,colleagues,and harem.The choice of prime minister’s relegation place is flexibly applied to the political situation of prime minister’s recall.