世界中文教育政策的发展现状、特点与趋势

The Current Situation,Features and Prospects of the Development of Chinese Language Education Policies in the World

世界中文教育的发展有赖于所在国的语言政策,通过数据库研究对全球六大洲64国的450余项中文教育政策进行分析发现,各国中文教育政策发展可分为均衡型、引领型和后发型三大类,经历了分化期、复苏期、转向期和制度化时期等四个阶段。政策发展特点体现为主体多元、效力分级,二语教育为主、基础教育为重,内容覆盖语言规划的主要领域,中文一语和二语政策尚未形成合力,政策管制时有发生等。展望未来趋势,各国中文教育政策的基本面持续向好,政策风险主要源自意识形态动机,华文教育和中文二语教育政策需加强协同,中文教育政策研究前景广阔。

The development of Chinese language education in the world depends on the local language policy of various countries.Through the analysis of more than 450 Chinese language policy files in 64 countries on six continents,this study divides the world policy development into three categories:balanced,leading and post-developing,and four stages:differentiation,recovery,transition and institutionalization.The main features of the policy development include multiple subjects put forward policies with graded effectiveness,second language education policy goes first and basic education is focused,the policies cover the main areas of language planning,the Chinese as heritage language and Chinese as second language policies have not formed a synergy,and policy control occurs now and again.Looking forward to the future,the overall situation of Chinese language education policies in various countries will remain positive,policy risks mainly derive from ideological motivation,education policies of Chinese as heritage language and Chinese as second language need to strengthen coordination,and the research on Chinese language education policies has broad prospects.