19世纪初东亚话语体系刍议——基于《使琉球记》《琉馆笔谈》《燕台再游录》的考察

An Attempting Discussion on the Discourse System of East Asia in the Early 19th Century——Based on the Investigation of Record on Missions to Ryukyu,Written Conversation in Ryukyu Hotel and Record on Revisiting Yantai

在近代东亚国际关系从“朝贡体系”向“条约体系”转型过程中,东亚外交话语体系依然奉汉文为尊。《使琉球记》《琉馆笔谈》《燕台再游录》等三种东亚使行录资料,生动而又具体地展现了清朝册封副使李鼎元、琉球文人外交官杨文凤、日本汉学家石冢崔高、朝鲜燕行使柳得恭等人“以笔代舌”的跨国交流与沉默外交,勾勒出空间范围涵盖北京、福建、琉球、中国台湾、萨摩等地的近代东亚外交生动画卷,廓清了首部中琉辞书《球雅》的来龙去脉。19世纪中后期“汉文”上升为近代条约的外交话语体系,彰显了汉字持久辐射力与国际影响力。

During the transformation of modern international relations of East Asia from the“tributary system”to the“treaty system”,the East Asian diplomatic discourse system had still honored Chinese.The three kinds of new materials on the record of East Asian missions,such as Record on Missions to Ryukyu,Written Conversation in Ryukyu Hotel and Record on Revisiting Yantai,vividly and concretely show the cross-border exchanges and silent diplomacy of“using the pen instead of the tongue”among Li Dingyuan,a canonized deputy envoy of the Qing Dynasty,Yang Wenfeng,a Ryukyu literati diplomat,and Saiko Ishizuka,a Japanese sinologist,and Liu Degong,a Korean Yeon-haeng,which sketches a vivid picture of the modern East Asian diplomacy covering Beijing,Fujian,Ryukyu and Satsuma as well as clarifies the context of Qiu Ya,the first Sino-Ryukyu lexicographical book;in the middle and later period of 19th century,“Chinese”had been promoted as diplomatic discourse system in modern treaties,demonstrating the lasting radiation and international influence of it.