揭开标准制定作用机制的“黑箱”:基于政产学(研)的视角

Uncovering the "Black Box" of the Mechanism of Standard-setting:From the Perspective of Government-Industry-Academy

基于三螺旋理论,按照扎根理论的开放式编码、主轴编码、选择性编码等步骤,从访谈与文献资料中提炼出企业、学术机构、政府以及标准化技术委员会在国家标准制定过程中的作用范畴,以揭示标准制定过程中政产学(研)的作用机制。研究发现,企业所发挥的作用主要体现在积极协助、连接协调、优势竞争、行使权利、对接流程和过程跟踪6个方面;学术机构所发挥的作用主要体现在核心联结、创新引领、促进共识、审查评议、对接流程和技术支撑6个方面;政府所发挥的作用主要体现在推动协作、管理决策、引导监管、审议发布、管理支持和效度审查6个方面;标准化技术委员会所发挥的作用主要体现在组织管理、流程推进、资源支持、关系纽带、组织监督、全面审查、管理支持和审核评议8个方面。基于研究结果,提出未来研究应结合大样本和案例研究方法,进一步探究不同类型标准制定过程中政产学(研)作用机制的组态和转换方式。

Based on the triple helix theory,using the open coding,spindle coding,selective coding and other steps of grounded theory,this paper extracts the functional areas of enterprises,academic institutions,government and Standardization Technical Committee in the process of national standard formulation from interviews and literature,in order to reveal the functional mechanism of politics,industry and science(research) in the process of standard formulation.It is found that the role played by enterprises is mainly reflected in six aspects:active assistance,connection and coordination,superior competition,exercise of rights,docking process and process tracking;The role played by academic institutions is mainly reflected in six aspects:core connection,innovation guidance,consensus promotion,review and evaluation,docking process and technical support;The role played by the government is mainly reflected in six aspects:promoting cooperation,management decision-making,guiding supervision,deliberation and release,management support and validity review;The role played by the Standardization Technical Committee is mainly reflected in eight aspects:organization and management,process promotion,resource support,relationship ties,organization and supervision,comprehensive review,management support and review.Based on the research results,it is proposed that future research should combine large samples and case study methods to further explore the configuration and transformation of the mechanism of politics,industry and science(research) in the process of formulating different types of standards.