人类学如何观察社会——四十年田野调查自白

How Does Anthropology Observe Society:Reflections on Field Research in the Past Four Decades

田野调查是人类学、民族学、社会学等学科的核心研究方法。人类学是一个将人文主义和实证主义结合起来研究人类的学科,田野调查是通过在实地参与当地人的生活过程中,对观察与体认获得的材料,进行归纳总结的调查过程。田野调查既可以进行定性研究,也可以进行定量分析,观察与感知具体的社区是进行田野调查的主要路径。通过田野调查的一些案例与片段可以使学者更好地理解田野调查的方法。

Field research is a core research method for disciplines such as anthropology,ethnology and sociology.Anthropology is the study of humanity with the combination of humanism and positivism.Field research involves participation in local people’s lives and conclusion of the materials obtained from observation and experience.Both qualitative research and quantitative research can be applied in field research.Observation and perception of a specific community are the main trajectory for carrying out field research.Some cases and segments of field research are shown in this paper to help scholars better understand the method of field research.