弥雾时长对骏枣冠层环境调控及枣果生长的影响

Effect of Mist Duration on Canopy Environmental Regulation and Fruit Growth of Jun Jujube

为了探究夏季高温热风天气下,弥雾对枣园冠层环境调控以及对枣果生长的影响。以骏枣为研究对象,于枣树花期开始,果实膨大期前结束弥雾灌,共设置3个弥雾灌时长处理,每天3次,每次20 min(T1)、40 min(T2)、60 min(T3)以及只进行间接地下滴灌的对照组CK。结果表明:①T1、T2、T3冠层弥雾期间平均空气温度较CK显著下降3.01%、4.12%、11.05%,平均空气相对湿度T2、T3较CK增幅显著,达到12.49%、27.51%。②弥雾可以有效抑制棵间土壤蒸发,T1、T2、T3处理日平均土壤蒸发量相较于CK分别减少1.38%~17.78%、1.11%~19.47%、6.63%~48.11%。③弥雾灌可有利于叶绿素的合成,T1、T2、T3处理叶绿素含量(SPAD值)相较于CK分别提升16.9%、26.2%和30.9%。④T1和T2处理果实膨大速率相较于CK,纵、横膨大速率分别提升6.6%、9%和15.23%、15.9%。但T3处理纵、横膨大速率较CK分别下降了11.27%和2.8%。T2处理单果质量最高。T1处理产量最高,较T2、CK提升6.5%、47.57%。因此弥雾有利于降温增湿、减少土壤蒸发以及提高叶绿素合成,T2处理更有利于枣果的发育,而T1处理更有利于产量提升。

In order to explore the influence of mist on canopy environment regulation and growth of jujube fruit in hot air in summer,in this paper,Jun jujube was selected as the research object.Mist irrigation began at the flowering stage of jujube trees and ended before the fruit expansion stage.Three fog irrigation duration treatments were set,including three times a day,20 min(T1),40 min(T2),60 min(T3)each time,and the control group CK only receiving indirect underground drip irrigation.The results showed that:①The average air temperature during canopy misting in T1,T2 and T3 decreased significantly by 3.01%,4.12%and 11.05%compared to CK,and the average relative air humidity increased significantly in T2 and T3 compared to CK,reaching 12.49%and 27.51%.②Mist can effectively suppress soil evaporation between trees,with daily average soil evaporation reduced by 1.38%~17.78%,1.11%~19.47%and 6.63%~48.11%in the T1,T2 and T3 treatments,respectively,compared to CK.③Mist irrigation facilitated chlorophyll synthesis,with T1,T2 and T3 treatments increasing chlorophyll content(SPAD values)by 16.9%,26.2%and 30.9%,respectively,compared to CK.④Fruit expansion rates in the T1 and T2 treatments increased by 6.6%and 9%and 15.23 and 15.9%in longitudinal and transverse expansion rates,respectively,compared to CK.However,the longitudinal and transverse expansion rates of the T3 treatment decreased by 11.27%and 2.8%,respectively,compared to CK.The T2 treatment had the highest single fruit quality.T1 treatment had the highest yield,which increased by 6.5%and 47.57%compared with T2 and CK.Therefore,mist is beneficial for cooling and humidifying,reducing soil evaporation and increasing chlorophyll synthesis.T2 treatment was more favorable to Jun jujube fruit development,while the T1 treatment was more favorable to yield enhancement.