中等收入群体“扩容提质”:现状、挑战与对策

“Quantity and Quality Improvement”of Medium Income Group:Current Situation,Challenges and Solutions

中等收入群体“扩容提质”是实现共同富裕的重要标志。利用国家统计局“个体还原”数据,使用经地区购买力平价指数调整的中等收入标准,测度发现我国中等收入群体整体存在“数量增加、质量较低、空间分布不均”的特征,即2002-2020年中等收入群体规模不断扩大,比重明显提升,但是中等收入群体人均收入水平较低,大部分聚集在中等收入门槛下限,内部收入差距较大,向下滑落风险较高,且中等收入群体空间分布不均衡,主要集中在东部发达地区。“十四五”期间,中等收入群体“扩容提质”面临经济增速下滑、人口结构调整、技术加速迭代、抗风险能力下降等挑战,建议从推进经济高质量发展、实施区域协调战略和“扩中提质”策略、加强数字经济治理和完善社会保障体系等方面重点施策,提高中等收入群体数量和质量。

The improvement of the quantity and quality of the middle-income group is an important indicator of achieving common prosperity.By surveying the Individual Reduction data released by the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)and the middle-income standard adjusted by the regional purchasing power parity index,the present paper finds that the middle-income group in China features“increasing quantity,relatively low quality and unbalanced spatial distribution”,that is,this group has been expanding with a significant increase in proportion from 2002 to 2020,but its per capita income is in a medium-lower level,with large income gaps among the members and a high risk of sliding downward;and its members are mostly from the developed eastern region.Improving the quantity and quality of this group during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is facing challenges such as economic slowdown,demographic adjustment,accelerated technological iteration,and risk resistance decline.Therefore,the present paper proposes to achieve this goal by promoting high-quality economic development,implementing the regional coordination strategy and“quantity and quality improvement”strategy,strengthening the digital economy governance,and improving the social security system.