基于太阳能的碳化钛气凝胶用于污水处理及海水淡化

Solar-based titanium carbide aerogel targeted for sewage treatment and seawater desalination

太阳能蒸馏技术作为一项绿色、经济、便捷且可持续的水处理技术,对解决全球水资源危机具有重要意义。二维碳化钛(Ti_(3)C_(2))是一种新型光热纳米材料,光热转化效率可达100%。本文通过定向冷冻干燥法制备了一种具有垂直孔道结构的Ti_(3)C_(2)气凝胶,并构建了一个基于Ti_(3)C_(2)气凝胶的太阳能蒸馏系统;系统包含太阳能吸收器(Ti_(3)C_(2)气凝胶)、水传输器(醋酸纤维棉棒)和热绝缘体(聚苯乙烯泡沫)。并考察了该Ti_(3)C_(2)气凝胶的光热转化能力和水蒸发速率,及相应太阳能蒸馏系统对模拟海水和亚甲基蓝染料废水处理效果。结果表明,气凝胶的水蒸发速率为2.73 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),太阳能转化效率为139.2%,对水中金属离子及亚甲基蓝的去除率均为99.9%以上。因此,该Ti_(3)C_(2)气凝胶具有海水淡化以及染料废水处理的应用前景。

As a green,economical,convenient and sustainable water treatment technology,solar distillation technology is of great significance to solve global water crisis.The two-dimensional material titanium carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2))is a new type of photothermal nanomaterial with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 100%.In this study,a Ti_(3)C_(2)aerogel with vertical pore structure was designed by directional freeze-drying method,and a solar distillation system based on Ti_(3)C_(2)aerogel was constructed.The system includes a solar absorber(Ti_(3)C_(2)aerogel),a water transporter(acetate cotton swabs),and thermal insulator(polystyrene foam).We examined the photothermal conversion ability and water evaporation rate of the Ti_(3)C_(2)aerogel,and the treatment effect of the corresponding solar distillation system on simulated seawater and methylene blue dye wastewater.The results showed that water evaporation rate of aerogel was as high as 2.73 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),solar energy conversion efficiency reached 139.2%,and removal rate of metal ions and methylene blue in water reached more than 99.9%.Therefore,the Ti_(3)C_(2) aerogel has application prospects for seawater desalination and sewage treatment.