生态翻译视域下古典小说与当代小说文化负载词的英译对比研究——基于《儒林外史》译本和《活着》译本的分析

A Contrastive Study on the English Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Classical and Contemporary Fictions from the Perspective of Ecological Translation——Based on the Analysis of the Scholars and To Live

生态翻译学以整体翻译生态环境为平台,为译者提供了在选择与适应过程中选取最优译法的可能。作为文化印记载体的文化负载词是翻译生态环境中连通原文本和读者的关键,文化负载词的这个“惑”若在译本中得不到合理恰当的“解”,原文本便无法以完整真实的面貌在译本中得以展现,进而读者从译本中获得的文化体验也必定是存在损耗的。从生态翻译学的视角看,以杨宪益夫妇英译本《儒林外史》和白睿文英译本《活着》为例,语言维度、文化维度、交际维度的文化负载词能够有效帮助译者实现“适应性选择”和“选择性适应”的动态平衡。中国优秀文学的“走出去”乃至中国文化的“走出去”,需要以翻译生态环境中各个相关要素的考量为依据,以适应性选择为基础确定可行的翻译策略,采取适宜的翻译方法。

The Eco-translatology regards the whole ecological environment as a platform,providing the translators with the possibility to select the optimal translation during the process of selection and adaptation.As the carrier of profound cultural imprints,culture-loaded words are the key to link the o-riginal text and readers in the ecological environment of translation;if the“confusion”of culture-loaded words cannot be properly“interpreted”in the translation,the whole truth of original text cannot be displayed in the translation,and the culture experience of readers obtained from the translation will be affected.From the perspective of Eco-translatology,the article takes the Scholarstranslated by Yang Xianyi and GladysYang and ToLive translated by Michael Berry as examples,holds that linguistic,cultural.and communicative dimensions of culture-loaded words can effectively help the translators realize the dynamic balance of“adaptive selection”and“selective adaptation”.The fine traditional Chinese literature“going global”,even the Chinese culture“going global”,should be based on the consideration of the relevant factors in ecological environment of translation,feasible translation strategies being decided on the basis of adaptive selection,and proper translation methods being adopted.