百年西行路:《西游记》德语译介研究

A Study on the One-Hundred-Year German Translations of Journey to the West

自20世纪初《西游记》德语节译本出版到2016年首部全译本的面世,《西游记》在德语世界的译介历经了百年的嬗变。本文对最具代表性的节译本、转译本以及德语全译本进行了多角度的研究,深度考察了各个译本的翻译特点,以期对《西游记》在德语世界的传播与翻译做出较为全面的评价。本文所列举的四个德语译本都有着鲜明的时代烙印和译者个人风格,《西游记》在德语世界的整体翻译传播历程亦呈现出明显的变化:首先从译介目的上来说,由最初的“中国兴趣”阶段逐步走向深入,译介的焦点也从故事情节的传达转向了深层文化内涵的输出;其次从译者、译本变迁发展的角度而言,完成了经传教士到专业汉学家的转变,德译《西游记》也历经了由神话传说故事到严肃文学地位确立的漫长过程;最后从典籍外译和中国文化走出去的视角来看,《西游记》的德语漫游历程也正可谓是中国文学百年西传史的缩影,而其中汉学家林小发的全译本不仅填补了德语世界的“西游”空缺,更逐步构建了“文化中国”的域外形象。

The translation of Journey to the West into German has experienced a history of more than onehundred years,from a brief German translation in the early 20th century to the first cover-to-cover German translation in 2016.In this paper,we conduct multi-perspective research on the most representative versions of abridged translations,retranslations and the cover-to-cover German translation of Journey to the West,examining the features of each version,so as to make a comprehensive evaluation of the German versions of Journey to the West.The four German translations studied in this paper all have distinctive characteristics of the times and of the translator’s personal style.Furthermore,the overall translation and dissemination of Journey to the West in the German-speaking world has seen obvious changes.Firstly,the purpose of translation turned from the initial“Chinese interest”to more aspects,and the focus of translation shifted from the transmission of the storyline to profound cultural communication.Secondly,the first translators of the book were missionaries and later Sinologists,and the German version of Journey to the West developed from a mythological story to a serious literary work.Finally,from the viewpoint of the foreign translation of Chinese classics and the outreach of Chinese culture,the translation of Journey to the West in German can be considered as a microcosm of a hundredyear history of Chinese literature spreading to the West.Moreover,the full translation by Eva Lüdi Kong not only fills the gap of Journey to the West in the German-speaking world,but also gradually builds the image of“cultural China”abroad.