国内外3岁以下婴幼儿托育服务实践与启示

Practice and Enlightenment of Infant Care Service Under Below 3 Years Old at Home and Abroad

加快婴幼儿托育服务体系建设,满足社会的婴幼儿托育服务需求,是保障和改善民生,增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感的重要举措。当前,国内外对3岁以下婴幼儿的托育服务以家庭式托育、机构式托育和社区式托育等模式为主。受托育费用、母职困境、人口政策、政府职能以及托育机构环境与设施便捷性等因素影响,我国的托育服务正面临着服务政策不完善、服务供给不足、师资力量不足等问题,应通过不断完善普惠性托育服务和配套政策措施、加强专业托育人才培养和供给、推动构建“医育融合”托育服务模式等路径,深入推进多元化的“幼有所育”托幼服务体系建设。

Accelerating the construction of infant care service system,and satisfying the demands of infant care service are the guarantee and improvement of people’s livelihood,and the important measures for the improvement of people’s sense of gain,happiness and security.At present,the main models of infant service for infants under below 3 years old at home and abroad are family,institution and community infant care.Influenced by infant care expense,motherhood dilemma,population policy,government function,infant care institution environment and facility convenience,etc.,China’s infant care service faces problems:imperfect service policy,insufficient service supply,and lack of teaching staff,etc.It is suggested to continuously perfect inclusive care service and matched political measures,promote the cultivation and supply of professional infant care talents,and construct“medical and care integration”infant care service model,etc.,in order to deeply promote the construction of diversified infant care service system.