20世纪中国戏剧表演的产业化路径演变与趋势

Path Evolution and Trend of Theatrical Performance Industrialization in the 20th Century

戏剧表演是一种在场的艺术,其身体的在场及不可复制的艺术特性决定了戏剧表演的产业化属性。20世纪中国戏剧表演有供给制、资助制、票房制和众筹制等四种产业化路径,在不同历史时期发挥了各自独特的作用,这也是戏剧表演的主要生存方式。在对比分析美国纽约百老汇和英国伦敦西区的戏剧表演实践的基础上,提出中国戏剧表演既不能完全实行供给制,又不能绝对产业化,而应该采取以政府为主体实行供给制,以观众为主体实行票房制,以社会组织为主体实行资助制相结合的新模式。

Theatrical performance is an art of presence,and its presence of body and unique artistic characteristics determine the industrial nature of drama performance.In the 20th century,there were four industrialization paths for Chinese theatrical performance:supply system,funding system,box office system,and crowdfunding system,which played their unique roles in different historical periods and were also the main way of survival for theatrical performance.On the basis of a comparative analysis of theatrical performance practices on Broadway in New York,USA and West End in London,UK,this article believes that Chinese theatrical performance cannot fully implement a supply system or be completely industrialized.Instead,a new model should be adopted that combines the government as the main body to implement a supply system,the audience as the main body to implement a box office system,and the social organization as the main body to implement a funding system.