《诗序》新说:以《诗》本事为中心

A New Theory of Preface to Poetry:Centering on the Essence of Poetry

关于《诗序》的作者与作年,学术界始终争论不休。《诗序》主要借助本事说诗,而本事不仅有正诗、变诗之分,首序、续序之别,也有今文、古文之不同。比较这些差异就会发现,汉代今古文《诗》家的正诗首序大体相同,当同属周代礼乐制度的产物。而今古文之变诗首序或同或异,当属于战国中后期尊经造圣运动的产物。而《诗序》续序本事尽管与今文《诗》家差异很大,但经学特征明显,当属汉代《毛诗》学派所为。据此则《诗序》首序当定型于汉初,作者应该是毛亨;而续序带有汉代经学的特征,当写定于西汉中期前后,作者应该是毛苌等河间学者。

The academic circles have been arguing about the author of the Preface to Poetry.Preface to Poetry mainly talks about poetry with the help of the original story,which can be calssified as different poems,prefaces and styles from different perspective.By comparing these differences,we can find that the initial preface of the official poems of the ancient writers of Poetry in the Han Dynasty is basically the same,which should be the product of the ritual and music system of the Zhou Dynasty.However,the similarity and difference of the varied poems' initial preface in jinwen and guwen should be the product of the movement of respecting the scriptures and making saints in the middle and late Warring States period.Although the original of the continuation of the preface to the poem is quite different from that of the jinwen writers,the characteristics of Confucian classics are obvious,which should be attributed to the school of Mao Poetry in the Han Dynasty.According to this,the initial preface of Preface to Poetry should be stereotyped in the early Han Dynasty,and the author should be Mao Heng;The preface has the characteristics of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty.When it was written around the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,the author should be a scholar as Mao Chang from Hejian.