数字普惠金融促进共同富裕的微观证据——基于社区层面分项收入视角的研究

Micro Evidence of Digital Inclusive Finance in Promoting Common Prosperity--Study from the Perspective of Subitem Income at the Community Level

通过匹配2014-2018年数字普惠金融指数与中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据后研究发现,数字普惠金融能够显著降低社区层面各项收入不平等,工资性收入在其中发挥着主渠道作用,占所有分项收入影响之和的55.84%。数字普惠金融在地区层面降低了东部地区收入不平等,在群体层面降低了中低收入群体收入不平等。机制分析表明,数字普惠金融分别通过增加居民受雇机会、促进家庭非农创业降低工资性和经营性收入不平等,通过非农创业与增加就业之间存在的“捆绑效应”间接降低工资性收入不平等。进一步的调节效应分析证明,互联网使用增强了数字普惠金融对收入不平等的负向作用,受教育水平减弱了数字普惠金融对工资性收入不平等的负向作用。为此,应通过职业技能培训充分发挥数字普惠金融的就业效应,针对性地弥合“数字鸿沟”以降低数字普惠金融的排斥效应,因地制宜地加快数字普惠金融与传统产业融合互联,以促进共同富裕目标的实现。

By matching the 2014-2018 digital inclusive finance index with the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper finds that digital inclusive finance can significantly reduce income inequality at the community level,in which wage income plays a major role,accounting for 55.84%of the total impact of all income make-up.Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital inclusive finance has significantly reduced the income inequality in the eastern region and the communities of middle and low income groups.Mechanism analysis shows that digital inclusive finance reduces wage and operational income inequality by increasing employment opportunities of residents and promoting family non-agricultural entrepreneurship,and indirectly reduces wage inequality through the"binding effect"between non-agricultural entrepreneurship and employment increase.Further regulatory effect analysis shows that Internet use has enhanced the negative effect of digital inclusive finance on income inequality,while education level has offset the negative effect of digital inclusive finance on wage income inequality.Therefore,we should give full play to the employment-boosting effect of digital inclusive finance through vocational skills training,bridge the"digital gap"to reduce the exclusion effect of digital inclusive finance,and accelerate the integration and interconnection of digital inclusive finance and traditional industries according to local conditions,so as to promote the realization of common prosperity.